ABSTRACT
Les perturbations thyroidiennes sont connues pour etre un probleme de sante dans presque tous les pays du monde. Au Benin; rien n'est fait afin de comprendre l'ampleur et l'evolution de ces perturbations. But : Nous avons initie ce travail dans le but d'etablir le profil des differents types de perturbations. La ville de Tanguieta au Nord du Benin a ete choisie comme ville d'etude. Methode : nous avons recueilli le sang veineux chez 320 individus dans la population selectionnee selon les criteres bien definis (sexe; age profession) 51;87dans la commune urbaine de Tanguieta (Brouniessou et Biakou) et 48;13dans la commune rurale de Taiacou (Nafayoti et Tahongou). Les analyses suivantes ont ete realisees : Dosage de T3; T4 libre; TSH ultra sensible par la technique d'ELISA. Resultats : Les perturbations thyroidiennes apparaissent chez les deux sexes (32dans la population masculine et 46;11dans la population feminine). D'une facon generale 41;4des sujets preleves avaient une perturbation thyroidienne ; avec un taux de perturbations le plus elevee dans le village de Tahougou et le moins elevee dans le village de Brouniessou. Les perturbations thyroidiennes touchent les cultivatrices et menageres (48) les cultivateurs (35;84) et les eleves (32;61). Les perturbations thyroidiennes sont abondantes dans la ville et regions environnantes de Tanguieta. Elles touchent principalement les femmes (hypothyoidies : 19;68. 13;43des hommes entre 45-60 ans sont ont une hyperthyroidie. Les autres perturbations thyroidiennes (taux isolement eleves de T3; T4 libre ou TSH) sont evaluees a 7;5. Conclusion : Les perturbations thyroidiennes sont presentes dans cette region de Benin. Une etude approfondie sur les autres indicateurs biologiques (facteurs goitrigenes) permettra d'elucider profondement la question
Subject(s)
Benin , Goiter , Iodine/deficiency , Thyroid HormonesABSTRACT
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS: Adiponectin is an adipokine that exhibits insulin-sensitising, fat-burning and anti-inflammatory properties as well as modulatory effects on oxidative stress. We examined whether adiponectin could be induced in a non-adipose tissue, skeletal muscle, in response to metabolic or oxidative aggression both in vivo (in a murine model of type 2 diabetes) and in vitro. METHODS: Obese and diabetic ob/ob mice were used and compared with lean littermates. Some obese mice were treated with the antioxidant probucol for 3 weeks. At the end of the experiment, blood was sampled and tibialis anterior muscles were collected for mRNA measurement and immunohistochemistry. Additional in vitro experiments were performed on C2C12 myotubes cultured for up to 48 h. RESULTS: In spite of hypoadiponectinaemia, Adipoq mRNA levels were markedly increased in the skeletal muscle of ob/ob mice and correlated with systemic oxidative stress. Adipoq upregulation was shown in laser-microdissected myocytes of obese mice. Concomitantly, immunoreactivity for adiponectin was enhanced in obese muscle fibres together with lipid infiltration and local markers of oxidative stress. In cultured C2C12 myotubes, a triglyceride mix and reactive oxygen species producers (H2O2 or a lipoperoxidation end-product) upregulated Adipoq expression and adiponectin production. This effect was reversed by an antioxidant. Finally, treatment of obese mice with probucol also attenuated upregulation in muscle. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION: The paradoxical upregulation of adiponectin in muscle of obese and diabetic mice may result from lipotoxicity and related oxidative stress. This unexpected finding could be viewed as a local protection to counteract ectopic fat deposition and oxidative damage.
Subject(s)
Adiponectin/biosynthesis , Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/physiopathology , Muscle, Skeletal/physiopathology , Adiponectin/genetics , Animals , Antioxidants/pharmacology , Body Weight , Cells, Cultured , DNA Primers , Female , Gene Expression Regulation , Lipids/physiology , Mice , Mice, Inbred C57BL , Mice, Obese , Muscle, Skeletal/drug effects , Muscle, Skeletal/pathology , Obesity , Oxidative Stress , Polymerase Chain Reaction , Probucol/pharmacology , RNA/genetics , RNA/isolation & purificationABSTRACT
A study was carried out at the Okpara breeding farm in Benin. Records on 558 lambs of the Djallonke sheep breed, born from 1997 to 2000, were used to determine the weekly growth curve from birth up to 119 days of age. Non-genetic factors affecting lamb weights at birth and at 30, 60, 90 and 120 days and average daily gains from 0 to 30 days, from 0 to 60 days, from 0 to 90 days and from 0 to 120 days were investigated. A linear model comprising the fixed effects of birth season, birth year, parity number of ewe and sex of lambs was used for analysis of variance by least squares. All fixed effects were significant for weight at 30 and 60 days and average daily gains at 30 days, with the exception of the parity of the ewe for birth weight, weight and average daily gain at 90 days. All fixed effects tended to cancel out for weight and average daily gains by 120 days. Lambs born in the dry season were the heaviest. Single lambs and male lambs were heavier than twins and females. Lambs from ewes of 3rd and 4th parity were heavier, with higher, average daily gains.
Subject(s)
Animal Husbandry , Sheep/growth & development , Animals , Benin , Body Weight , Female , Male , Rural PopulationABSTRACT
BACKGROUND/AIM: Thyroid associated orbitopathy (TAO) and Graves' disease (GD) have an autoimmune pathogenesis, possibly related to the thyrotropin receptor (TSHR). The aim of this study was to determine whether TSHR immunoreactivity is correlated with disease severity or serum TSHR antibody (TRAB) levels. METHODS: Orbital tissues from 30 patients with TAO were compared with those of 20 patients with strabismus and four with non-thyroid orbital inflammation. TSHR was detected by immunohistochemistry and TRAB were measured by radioreceptor assay. RESULTS: No TSHR immunoreactivity was detected in the 24 control orbital tissues, whereas in all TAO biopsies elongated fibroblast-like cells, expressing TSHR, were present. These cells were located between the muscle cells, which were separated by oedema in the acute phase but fibrous tissue in the chronic phase of disease. Semi-thin sections showed numerous mast cells present in the chronic phase and in close contact with adipocytes. The number of TSHR immunostained cells was high in early disease, decreased with disease duration, and was positively correlated with TRAB levels at the onset of TAO. CONCLUSION: TSHR immunoreactivity was demonstrated specifically in TAO orbits which highlights the importance of TRAB early in the pathogenesis.
