ABSTRACT
Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a common disorder among adults with a potential to be life-threatening. Continuous positive airway pressure is the gold-standard for the treatment of OSA, but patient compliance may be reduced due to various reasons. Mild to moderate cases of OSA can be treated reliably and successfully using oral appliances, and the mandibular advancement device (MAD) is the most frequently used appliance. The aim of this clinical report is to present a fully digital workflow for fabrication of a custom non-adjustable MAD using computer aided design/computer aided manufacturing and additive manufacturing for the treatment of a patient with moderate OSA.
Subject(s)
Mandibular Advancement , Sleep Apnea, Obstructive , Adult , Continuous Positive Airway Pressure , Humans , Occlusal Splints , Sleep Apnea, Obstructive/therapy , Treatment Outcome , WorkflowABSTRACT
Smokers have a risk of developing periodontal disease. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMP) play a significant role in periodontal tissue destruction. In this study possible relationship between smoking and gingival tissue expression of gelatinases in chronic periodontitis patients relative to periodontally healthy subjects was investigated. Forty chronic periodontitis patients (20 smokers and 20 non-smokers) and forty periodontally healthy subjects (20 smokers and 20 non-smokers) were enrolled. The clinical periodontal measurements recorded, and gingival tissues harvested after that. After histologic evaluation, matrix metalloproteinases -2 and -9 expressions were analyzed immunohistochemically. In nonsmokers, higher expression of metalloproteinases -2 and -9 detected in chronic periodontitis group compared to the periodontally healthy group. In the smoker chronic periodontitis group, the expression of metalloproteinases-2 was lower than nonsmoker chronic periodontitis group. Statistically significant differences detected between smoker and nonsmoker periodontally healthy groups in metalloproteinases-2 expression. For metalloproteinases-9 expression, smoker chronic periodontitis group has lower values than nonsmoker chronic periodontitis group. In periodontally healthy group smokers showed higher metalloproteinases -9 expressions than non- smokers. Present findings support the role of gelatinases in chronic periodontitis pathogenesis. Based on the current results we conclude that smoking alters the expression of gelatinases in gingival tissues.
Subject(s)
Chronic Periodontitis/enzymology , Matrix Metalloproteinase 2/analysis , Matrix Metalloproteinase 9/analysis , Smoking/adverse effects , Adolescent , Adult , Analysis of Variance , Biopsy , Case-Control Studies , Cross-Sectional Studies , Female , Fibroblasts/enzymology , Gingiva/enzymology , Humans , Immunohistochemistry , Male , Middle Aged , Statistics, Nonparametric , Young AdultABSTRACT
Abstract Smokers have a risk of developing periodontal disease. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMP) play a significant role in periodontal tissue destruction. In this study possible relationship between smoking and gingival tissue expression of gelatinases in chronic periodontitis patients relative to periodontally healthy subjects was investigated. Forty chronic periodontitis patients (20 smokers and 20 non-smokers) and forty periodontally healthy subjects (20 smokers and 20 non-smokers) were enrolled. The clinical periodontal measurements recorded, and gingival tissues harvested after that. After histologic evaluation, matrix metalloproteinases -2 and -9 expressions were analyzed immunohistochemically. In nonsmokers, higher expression of metalloproteinases -2 and -9 detected in chronic periodontitis group compared to the periodontally healthy group. In the smoker chronic periodontitis group, the expression of metalloproteinases-2 was lower than nonsmoker chronic periodontitis group. Statistically significant differences detected between smoker and nonsmoker periodontally healthy groups in metalloproteinases-2 expression. For metalloproteinases-9 expression, smoker chronic periodontitis group has lower values than nonsmoker chronic periodontitis group. In periodontally healthy group smokers showed higher metalloproteinases -9 expressions than non- smokers. Present findings support the role of gelatinases in chronic periodontitis pathogenesis. Based on the current results we conclude that smoking alters the expression of gelatinases in gingival tissues.
