ABSTRACT
PURPOSE: The enzyme 5-α reductase type 2 (5-AR 2) plays a key role in the development and maintenance of the prostate gland. We evaluated the level 5-AR 2 protein expression and the relationship between methylation of the 5-AR 2 gene-promoter and 5-AR 2 protein expression of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 37 prostate samples were evaluated. These included 22 samples from men undergoing transurethral prostate resections and 15 non-cancerous transition-zone human prostate tissue samples taken following radical prostatectomy. We quantified 5-AR 2 protein expression and gene-promoter methylation status using common assay procedures. Clinical variables included age, body mass index (BMI), prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels, lipid profiles, and prostate volumes. Univariate and multivariate statistical analyses were performed followed by stepwise logistic regression modeling. RESULTS: We were able to extract DNA from 36 of the 37 tissue samples and 10 of these (28%) did not express the 5-AR 2 protein. In total, 26 patients (72%) had methylated 5-AR 2 promoter-regions. There was a strong correlation between methylation of the 5-AR 2 promoter-regions and low-absent 5-AR 2 protein expression (p = 0.0003). Increasing age significantly predicted methylation status and protein expression level (p = 0.013). CONCLUSIONS: The level of 5-AR 2 protein expression varies among prostate tissue samples. Methylation of the 5-AR 2 gene-promoter may account for low or absent expression of 5-AR 2 in adult human prostate tissues. Increased age correlates with increased 5-AR 2 gene-promoter methylation and decreased protein expression in men with BPH.
Subject(s)
3-Oxo-5-alpha-Steroid 4-Dehydrogenase/genetics , DNA Methylation , Membrane Proteins/genetics , Promoter Regions, Genetic , Prostatic Hyperplasia/genetics , 3-Oxo-5-alpha-Steroid 4-Dehydrogenase/metabolism , Age Factors , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Case-Control Studies , Humans , Logistic Models , Male , Membrane Proteins/metabolism , Middle Aged , Prostatic Hyperplasia/metabolism , Transurethral Resection of ProstateABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Renal oncocytoma is the most common benign renal tumor, and papillary renal cell carcinoma is the second most common histologic subtype of renal cell carcinoma. Renal tumors containing different components such as papillary renal cell carcinoma and oncocytoma are extremely rare. CASE PRESENTATION: A renal mass was incidentally detected in a 52-year-old Korean woman, and a computed tomographic scan showed a 32-mm multicystic mass with some calcifications in the lower pole of the right kidney. She underwent laparoscopic partial nephrectomy without any perioperative complications. We found a papillary renal cell carcinoma and an oncocytoma in a tumor mass. CONCLUSIONS: The possibility of a mixed malignant tumor should be considered while treating benign tumors such as oncocytoma.
