ABSTRACT
Boophilus microplus has developed resistance against a range of chemical acaricides which has stimulated the development of alternative methods such as vaccination against ticks. In Cuba, the Bm86-based recombinant vaccine Gavac has been successfully used in a number of controlled laboratory and field trials in cattle against B. microplus. In this paper, we have evaluated Gavac in a large scale field trial wherein 588,573 dairy cattle were vaccinated with the aim to reduce the number of acaricidal treatments. It was found that the number of acaricidal treatments could be reduced by 87% over a period of 8 years (1995--2003). Prior to the introduction of the vaccine, 54 clinical cases of babesiosis and six fatal cases were reported per 1000 animals. Six years later, the incidence of babesiosis was reduced to 1.9 cases per 1000 cattle and mortality reduced to 0.18 per 1000. The national consumption of acaricides in Cuba could be reduced by 82% after the implementation of the integrated anti-B. microplus control program.
Subject(s)
Insect Control/methods , Ixodidae/physiology , Membrane Glycoproteins/immunology , Recombinant Proteins/immunology , Tick Infestations/veterinary , Vaccines/immunology , Animals , Babesiosis/prevention & control , Cattle , Cattle Diseases/parasitology , Cattle Diseases/prevention & control , Cuba , Insecticides , Ixodidae/immunology , Tick Infestations/prevention & control , Time FactorsABSTRACT
Antecedentes; sistesis de las visiones, politicas y propuestas estatales de la sociedad civil y de las agencias de analisis de problemas; objetivos; acciones
Subject(s)
Nutritional Sciences , Nutrition Programs and Policies/economics , Nutrition Programs and Policies/history , Nutrition Programs and Policies/legislation & jurisprudence , Nutrition Programs and Policies/trendsABSTRACT
An intervention to improve maternal and child health was conducted in a remote Bolivian province with limited access to modern medical facilities. The intervention focused on initiating and strengthening women's organizations, developing women's skills in problem identification and prioritization, and training community members in safe birthing techniques. Its impact was evaluated by comparing perinatal mortality rates and obstetric behavior among 409 women before and after the intervention. Perinatal mortality decreased from 117 deaths per 1000 births before the intervention to 43.8 deaths per 1000 births after. There was a significant increase in the number of women participating in women's organizations following the intervention, as well as in the number of organizations. The proportion of women receiving prenatal care and initiating breast-feeding on the first day after birth was also significantly larger. The number of infants attended to immediately after delivery likewise increased, but the change was not statistically significant. This study demonstrates that community organization can improve maternal and child health in remote areas
Subject(s)
Maternal Welfare , Child Health , Community Participation/statistics & numerical data , Parturition/trends , Perinatal Care , Infant Mortality/trends , Obstetrics , Rural Areas , BoliviaABSTRACT
An intervention to improve maternal and child health was conducted in a remote Bolivian province with limited access to modern medical facilities. The intervention focused on initiating and strengthening women's organizations, developing women's skills in problem identification and prioritization, and training community members in safe birthing techniques. Its impact was evaluated by comparing perinatal mortality rates and obstetric behavior among 409 women before and after the intervention. Perinatal mortality decreased from 117 deaths per 1000 births before the intervention to 43.8 deaths per 1000 births after. There was a significant increase in the number of women participating in women's organizations following the intervention, as well as in the number of organizations. The proportion of women receiving prenatal care and initiating breast-feeding on the first day after birth was also significantly larger. The number of infants attended to immediately after delivery likewise increased, but the change was not statistically significant. This study demonstrates that community organization can improve maternal and child health in remote areas
Se llevó a cabo una intervención destinada a mejorar la salud materna e infantil en una provincia aislada de Bolivia con acceso limitado a instalaciones de salud modernas. La intervención se centró en la creación y el fortalecimiento de organizaciones para mujeres, en el desarrollo de habilidades entre las mujeres, en la identificación de problemas y la determinación de prioridades y en el adiestramiento de habitantes de la comunidad en la aplicación de técnicas seguras para la atención del parto. Para evaluar su impacto se compararon las tasas de mortalidad perinatal y las prácticas obstétricas de 409 mujeres antes y después de la intervención. La mortalidad perinatal bajó de 117 defunciones por 1 000 nacimientos antes de la intervención a 43,8 defunciones por 1 000 nacimientos después de ella. Se produjo un aumento significativo del número de mujeres que participaron en organizaciones femeninas después de la intervención, así como del número de dichas organizaciones. Asimismo, hubo un aumento significativo de la proporción de mujeres que recibieron atención prenatal y que iniciaron la lactancia materna desde el primer día después del parto. El número de neonatos atendidos inmediatamente después del alumbramiento también aumentó, pero el cambio no fue estadísticamente significativo. Este estudio demuestra que la organización comunitaria puede mejorar la salud materna e infantil en lugares aislados.
Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Pregnancy , Infant, Newborn , Infant , Infant Mortality/trends , Parturition/trends , Maternal Welfare/statistics & numerical data , Obstetrics/statistics & numerical data , Perinatal Care/statistics & numerical data , Child Health/statistics & numerical data , Community Participation , Bolivia , Rural AreasSubject(s)
Maternal Health Services , Primary Health Care , Prenatal Care , Health Promotion , BoliviaSubject(s)
Maternal Welfare , Child Health , Parturition , Obstetrics , Rural Areas , Bolivia , Community Participation , Perinatal Care , Infant MortalityABSTRACT
Contiene: Caracteristicas de los hogares y de las personas encuestadas; conociemto sobre complicaciones y disponibilidad de servicios maternos-perinatales; complicaciones y utilizacion de servicios en el parto y el embarazo; Complicaciones y utilizacion de servicios en el postparto y la atencion en el recien nacido; mortalidad perinatal; anemia en la embarazada
Subject(s)
Infant, Newborn , Neonatology , Parturition , Pregnancy , Anemia , Basic Health Services , Data Collection , Infant Mortality , Mortality , Perinatal MortalityABSTRACT
El objetivo de este documento es detectar los principales obstáculos en la asignación de los recursos destinados al sector de la salud, para que estos puedan ser eliminados y para que los servicios logren cubrir una cantidad cada vez mayor de pacientes de un modo más eficiente, disminuyendo la mortalidad materna e infantil y mejorando el nivel de vida de nuestro país
Subject(s)
Humans , Maternal and Child Health , Mothers , Health Care Costs , Infant, Newborn , Bolivia , Diagnosis of Health SituationABSTRACT
Esta información permite adecuar la aplicación de políticas nacionales comprendidas en el Plan Estratégico de Salud a la realidad local, aplicando la estrategia de Maternidad Segura en el marco de la integralidad de los Servicios de Medicina Familiar; esclareciendo de la situación de salud de la madre y el recién nacido en Bolivia
Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Pregnancy , Infant, Newborn , Infant , Child, Preschool , Pregnancy , Parturition , Anemia , Maternal Welfare , Perinatal Care , BoliviaABSTRACT
La presente información imprescindible para poder establecer las acciones que deben tomarse para incrementar la proporción de mujeres embarazadas suplementadas con tabletas de Sulfato Ferroso, asegurando que las tabletas de hierro estén disponibles permanentemente en todos los centros de salud del país; que sean distribuidos adecuadamente y que la suplementación no sea interrumpidad por falta de insumos a ningún nivel
