ABSTRACT
Rat liver mitochondria and cytosol contain two types of 3-ketothiolases, namely 3-ketothiolases IA and IB, which cleave 3-ketoacyl-coenzyme A (CoA) esters containing four or more carbons and 3-ketothiolases IIA and IIB, which cleave 3-ketoacyl-CoA esters containing four carbons, i.e. acetoacetyl-CoA (Aragon, J.J., and Lowenstein, J.M. (1983) J. Biol. Chem. 258, 4725-4733). We now report that rat liver peroxisomes also contain 3-ketothiolases IA and IB and show that incubation of hepatocytes with 2-chloro-6-phenylhexanoate causes the selective inactivation of peroxisomal and cytosolic 3-ketothiolase IB, while mitochondrial 3-ketothiolases are not appreciably affected. The basis of the selectivity of the inhibitor for peroxisomal and cytosolic 3-ketothiolases can be accounted for in terms of the specificities of the enzymes in the different pathways of beta-oxidation. Evidence is presented that 2-chloro-6-phenylhexanoate is metabolized to 2-chloro-3-keto-6-phenylhexanoyl-CoA, which then alkylates 3-ketothiolase and thereby inactivates the enzyme. Evidence is presented which suggests that cytosolic 3-ketothiolases IA and IB are not artifacts of homogenization and organelle preparation.
Subject(s)
Acetyl-CoA C-Acyltransferase/antagonists & inhibitors , Acyltransferases/antagonists & inhibitors , Caproates/pharmacology , Cytosol/enzymology , Liver/ultrastructure , Microbodies/enzymology , Acyl Coenzyme A/metabolism , Alkylation , Animals , Caproates/metabolism , Coenzyme A/metabolism , Kinetics , Liver/enzymology , Male , Mitochondria, Liver/enzymology , Rats , Rats, Inbred StrainsABSTRACT
A reliable assay for folylpolyglutamate synthetase has been devised and tested. Conditions have been established for the complete separation of [3H]glutamate and the tritium-labelled products on columns of DEAE-cellulose. The availability of this assay has aided us in partially purifying and characterizing the synthetase from extracts of beef liver. Suitable conditions have been found for the stabilization of the activity of both crude and partially purified folylpolyglutamate synthetase. The apparent Km values for L-glutamate (0.82 mM), dl-L-tetrahydrofolate (9 microM), ATP (25 microM with 10 mM MgCl2), KCl (3 mM), and 2-mercaptoethanol (5 mM) have been estimated. Several oxidized pteridine substrates have been tested. Of the antifolates tested, aminopterin is the more active substrate. The chain lengths of folate polyglutamates have been measured by chromatography on columns of DEAE-cellulose, with elution by a gradient of sodium acetate. Conjugates as long as hexaglutamates have been detected. The identities of the polyglutamates of tetrahydrofolate have been verified by hydrolysis in the presence of conjugase and by double-labelling experiments.
