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1.
Basic Clin Neurosci ; 14(2): 311-316, 2023.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38107523

ABSTRACT

Introduction: Brain atrophy is associated with physical disability in multiple sclerosis (MS), but there is a great variability between different studies and methodologies, and its use is still limited to research projects. We aimed to analyze the relationship between several volumetric measurements and physical disability and cognitive functioning in MS patients in a clinical practice setting. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study. A total of 41 patients (31 relapsing-remitting MS, 6 secondary-progressive MS, and 4 primary-progressive MS) were included. Whole brain volume (WBV), gray matter volume (GMV), and T2 lesion load (T2L) were obtained using Icometrix® software. Physical disability was measured with the Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS), and cognitive status was evaluated with the brief repeatable battery of neuropsychological tests (BRB-N). The relationship between brain volumes and EDSS was analyzed through linear multivariate regression. The association between volumetry measurements and the number of affected cognitive domains was studied with negative binomial regression. Results: GMV was associated with age (b=-1.7, P=0.014) and with EDSS (b=-7.55, P=0.013). T2L was associated with EDSS (b=2.29, P=0.032). The number of affected cognitive domains was associated with clinical phenotype, worse in primary progressive MS (PPMS). There was not correlations between cognitive impairment and cerebral volumes. Conclusion: Brain atrophy measurement is feasible in clinical practice setting, and it is helpful in monitoring the EDSS progression. Primary progressive phenotype is associated with greater risk of cognitive dysfunction. Highlights: The T2 lesion load is associated with physical disability in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS).The gray matter volume is associated with age and physical disability in patients with MS.There is no significant correlation between cognitive impairment and cerebral volumes in patients with MS. Plain Language Summary: Conventional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is still used for diagnosing and monitoring multiple sclerosis (MS). Analysis of Brain volumes including Whole brain volume (WBV), gray matter volume (GMV), and T2 lesion load (T2L) allows the evaluation of its neurodegenerative mechanisms. Robust evidence links brain atrophy with disability in MS. This study aims to analyze the relationship between advanced MRI sequences and physical disability and cognitive functioning in MS patients. According to the results, T2L was associated with physical disability and GMV was associated with age and physical disability. There was no significant correlation between cognitive impairment and cerebral volumes in patients with MS.

2.
J Clin Neurophysiol ; 34(1): 84-91, 2017 Jan.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27490324

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: Although large amplitude evoked potentials (EPs) are typically associated with progressive myoclonic epilepsy patients, giant EPs imply central nervous system (CNS) hyperexcitability and can be seen in various nonepileptic disorders. METHODS: We performed a retrospective chart review including history, physical examination, imaging and diagnostic studies of nonepileptic patients with large amplitude somatosensory evoked potentials (SSEPs) and visual evoked potentials (VEPs) during 2007 to 2013. Large amplitude EPs were defined as follows: VEPs (N75-P100) >18 µV; and SSEPs (N20-P25) >6.4 µV. Recording montage for VEPs was Oz-Cz and SSEPs C3'/C4'-Fz. RESULTS: Fifty-two patients (33 females, 19 males; age range, 9-90 years) were identified. No CNS pathology was detected in 7 patients. All remaining patients were diagnosed with new CNS disorders including: vascular (37%); myelopathies (13%); demyelinating (11%); space occupying lesions (8.7%); syringomyelia (8.7%); hydrocephalus (6.5%); Vitamin B-12 deficiency (4.3%); multiple system atrophy (4.3%); and toxins (2.2%). CONCLUSIONS: This study supports the notion that large amplitude EP implies CNS hyperexcitability and CNS disease. These results confirm the utility of EP studies in patients with suspected CNS pathology.


Subject(s)
Brain/physiopathology , Central Nervous System Diseases/diagnosis , Central Nervous System Diseases/physiopathology , Evoked Potentials, Somatosensory , Evoked Potentials, Visual , Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Brain/diagnostic imaging , Child , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Retrospective Studies , Spinal Cord/diagnostic imaging , Spinal Cord/physiopathology , Young Adult
3.
J Neurosurg ; 125(1): 85-9, 2016 07.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26684776

ABSTRACT

OBJECT Currently, bilateral procedures involve 2 sequential implants in each of the hemispheres. The present report demonstrates the feasibility of simultaneous bilateral procedures during the implantation of deep brain stimulation (DBS) leads. METHODS Fifty-seven patients with movement disorders underwent bilateral DBS implantation in the same study period. The authors compared the time required for the surgical implantation of deep brain electrodes in 2 randomly assigned groups. One group of 28 patients underwent traditional sequential electrode implantation, and the other 29 patients underwent simultaneous bilateral implantation. Clinical outcomes of the patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) who had undergone DBS implantation of the subthalamic nucleus using either of the 2 techniques were compared. RESULTS Overall, a reduction of 38.51% in total operating time for the simultaneous bilateral group (136.4 ± 20.93 minutes) as compared with that for the traditional consecutive approach (220.3 ± 27.58 minutes) was observed. Regarding clinical outcomes in the PD patients who underwent subthalamic nucleus DBS implantation, comparing the preoperative off-medication condition with the off-medication/on-stimulation condition 1 year after the surgery in both procedure groups, there was a mean 47.8% ± 9.5% improvement in the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale Part III (UPDRS-III) score in the simultaneous group, while the sequential group experienced 47.5% ± 15.8% improvement (p = 0.96). Moreover, a marked reduction in the levodopa-equivalent dose from preoperatively to postoperatively was similar in these 2 groups. The simultaneous bilateral procedure presented major advantages over the traditional sequential approach, with a shorter total operating time. CONCLUSIONS A simultaneous stereotactic approach significantly reduces the operation time in bilateral DBS procedures, resulting in decreased microrecording time, contributing to the optimization of functional stereotactic procedures.


Subject(s)
Deep Brain Stimulation , Electrodes, Implanted , Operative Time , Parkinson Disease/therapy , Stereotaxic Techniques , Subthalamic Nucleus/surgery , Aged , Feasibility Studies , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Treatment Outcome
4.
Rev Chilena Infectol ; 31(3): 309-22, 2014 Jun.
Article in Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25146206

ABSTRACT

Infections associated with the use of orthopedic implants are still the major complication associated with these devices and an unsolved challenge. The frequency of infection associated with orthopedic implant is relatively low, estimated to range between 0.5 to 5%. However, it has devastating consequences for the patient and health institutions. The majority of infections is secondary to gram-positive aerobic microorganisms belonging to the genus Staphylococcus. These bacteria establish chronic infections due to its ability of adhesion and biofilm formation. Biofilms are complex communities in a polysaccharide matrix. This structure retains nutrients and protects the bacteria against the immune response and antimicrobial agents. The study of molecular characteristics and biofilm formation regulation is vital for the understanding of judicious clinical management and the development of novel strategies for the prevention of infection.


Subject(s)
Bacterial Adhesion/genetics , Biofilms/growth & development , Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections/microbiology , Gram-Positive Bacterial Infections/microbiology , Prosthesis-Related Infections/microbiology , Humans
5.
Rev. chil. infectol ; 31(3): 309-322, jun. 2014. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-716983

ABSTRACT

Infections associated with the use of orthopedic implants are still the major complication associated with these devices and an unsolved challenge. The frequency of infection associated with orthopedic implant is relatively low, estimated to range between 0.5 to 5%. However, it has devastating consequences for the patient and health institutions. The majority of infections is secondary to gram-positive aerobic microorganisms belonging to the genus Staphylococcus. These bacteria establish chronic infections due to its ability of adhesion and biofilm formation. Biofilms are complex communities in a polysaccharide matrix. This structure retains nutrients and protects the bacteria against the immune response and antimicrobial agents. The study of molecular characteristics and biofilm formation regulation is vital for the understanding of judicious clinical management and the development of novel strategies for the prevention of infection.


La infección asociada a la utilización de implantes ortopédicos es la principal complicación asociada a estos dispositivos y es un desafío aún sin resolver. La frecuencia de infección asociada a implante ortopédico es relativamente baja, estimada en un rango de 0,5 a 5%. Sin embargo, sus consecuencias son devastadoras para el paciente y las instituciones de salud. La mayoría de las infecciones son causadas por microorganismos aerobios grampositivos pertenecientes al género Staphylococcus. Estas bacterias establecen infecciones crónicas gracias a su capacidad de adhesión y formación de biopelículas, complejas comunidades en una matriz de polisacáridos. La biopelícula retiene nutrientes y protege a las bacterias contra la respuesta inmune y agentes antimicrobianos. El estudio de las características moleculares y la regulación de la formación de biopelículas es vital para el entendimiento del manejo clínico juicioso y el desarrollo de estrategias novedosas para la prevención de infección.


Subject(s)
Humans , Bacterial Adhesion/genetics , Biofilms/growth & development , Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections/microbiology , Gram-Positive Bacterial Infections/microbiology , Prosthesis-Related Infections/microbiology
7.
J. bras. neurocir ; 20(4): 436-438, 2009.
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-544655

ABSTRACT

A lesão axonal difusa (LAD) é uma das principais formasde lesão traumática encefálica, caracterizada pelo envolvimentodas fibras axonais das fibras brancas cerebrais1,2,5. Omecanismo dessa lesão é a somadas forças de aceleração,desaceleração e rotação, principalmente das estruturas próximasda linha média, incluindo a região superior dorsolateralda ponte e mesencéfalo, terço posterior do corpo caloso,substância branca parassagital e ocasionalmente a cápsulainterna4,5,9. Pela importância das estruturas envolvidas e aalta incidência, perto de 50% doas casos de trauma crânioencefálicograve, a LAD é a principal causa e déficit cognitivoassim como estado vegetativo persistente associado aotrauma2,5,8,9. Entretanto a presença de déficit motor associadoa LAD é pouco comum sendo dependente da localizaçãoanatômica6. O objetivo desse trabalho e descrever uma casode hemiplegia aguda relacionada a LAD.


Subject(s)
Humans , Craniocerebral Trauma , Diffuse Axonal Injury
8.
Bol. Hosp. San Juan de Dios ; 45(6): 406-9, nov.-dic. 1998.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-242743

ABSTRACT

Se presenta el caso de una mujer de 36 años portadora de xantomas tendinosos de ambos tendornes aquilianos, sin antecedentes familiares aparentes ni evidencias de hipercolesterolemia (colesterol total: 140 mg/dl). Se aprovecha para revisar la relativamente escasa literatura existente en relación con los xantomas tendinosos, destacando algunas conclusiones. La mayoría de los xantomas están asociados a hipercolesterolemia o hiperlipidemia. Sin embargo, hay casos excepcionales, como el que motiva esta presentación, que cursan con valores normales de lípidos sanguíneos. Por los general, la severidad de los xantomas es proporcional a la alteración lipídica. El diagnóstico diferencial se plantea con lesiones traumáticas y tumorales y se resuelve con el estudio histológico. El tratamiento de los xantomas tendinoso es quirúrgico y consiste en la resección parcial o total del tendón afectado. Ocasionalmente puede recurrirse al tratamiento médico con hipolipemiantes. como generalmente persiste el trastorno metabólico, la recurrencia es frecuente


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Adult , Achilles Tendon/pathology , Xanthomatosis/diagnosis , Xanthomatosis/etiology
9.
Bol. Hosp. San Juan de Dios ; 44(6): 361-9, dic. 1997. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-210507

ABSTRACT

En este artículo se da a conocer la importancia que tiene el diagnóstico y el tratamiento de las metástasis óseas. Se analiza en forma retrospectiva el Registro de Lesiones Músculo-esqueléticas del Instituto Traumatológico en el período comprendido entre 1987 y 1995. Las conclusiones, resultados y sugerencias que se presentan en este trabajo corresponden al análisis de 250 pacientes portadores de metástasis óseas diagnosticadas y tratadas en el Instituto Traumatológico; todos los casos fueron estudiados con un mismo protocolo y su diagnóstico definitivo fue apoyado por el estudio citológico y/o histológico (biopsia). Se describe la técnica para obtener la biopsia. Su localización anatómica más frecuente fue el fémur proximal (36 por ciento). Se describe el protocolo general de tratamiento cirugía y posterior radioterapia. Se analizan los distintos esquemas terapéuticos según las localizaciones de las lesiones óseas, así como las comparaciones de los pacientes diagnosticados y no tratados, respecto a los tratados. Concluimos que siempre se debe realizar biopsia del tumor y tratar a los pacientes de acuerdo a un protocolo preestablecido


Subject(s)
Humans , Bone Neoplasms/secondary , Neoplasm Metastasis/diagnosis , Biopsy , Bone Neoplasms/pathology , Bone Neoplasms/surgery , Bone Neoplasms/therapy , Disease-Free Survival , Femur/pathology , Orthopedics , Retrospective Studies
10.
Bol. Hosp. San Juan de Dios ; 44(4): 235-9, jul.-ago. 1997. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-202628

ABSTRACT

Se describe la importancia que tiene en el estudio de las enfermedades neoplásicas el diagnóstico de las metástasis óseas. En el período comprendido entre 1987 y 1996 se revisó y se analizó en forma retrospectiva, el Registro de Lesiones Musculoesqueléticos del Instituto Traumatológico, describiendo a las metástasis óseas como una lesión tumoral ósea secundaria. Se enfatiza que para el correcto diagnóstico de metástasis óseas se requiere de la triada que considera la clínica, radiología e histopatología. Se analizan 250 casos de metástasis óseas, comprobándose que no hay diferencias significativas respecto al sexo y que la edad de aparición más frecuente es en la década de los 51-60 años (27 por ciento). La forma clínica más habitual de presentación fue el dolor; 82 por ciento de los casos. Su localización anatómica más frecuente se ubica en el fémur proximal (36 por ciento). Los cánceres primarios que más metástasis óseas provocaron fueron: mama 25,2 por ciento;próstata 20,2 por ciento; pulmón 18,2 por ciento y riñón 15 por ciento. Finalmente, se hace referencia a las metásasis óseas y la detección previa del cáncer que les dio origen


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Male , Adult , Middle Aged , Bone Neoplasms/secondary , Neoplasm Metastasis/diagnosis , Age Distribution , Bone Neoplasms/diagnosis , Breast Neoplasms/pathology , Femur , Lung Neoplasms/pathology , Prostatic Neoplasms/pathology , Retrospective Studies , Sex Distribution , Signs and Symptoms
12.
Chaos ; 2(1): 105-115, 1992 Jan.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-12779957

ABSTRACT

The presence of chaos in the classical dynamics is not necessarily the destructive element it was thought to be for semiclassical approximations in the time domain. The method of calculating the semiclassical propagation of initial states and correlation functions for nonlinear and chaotic dynamics is shown, and the excellent accuracy is noted for rather long times. The breakdown timescale is much longer than the infamous "log time" for the cases investigated here.

13.
Rev. méd. sur ; 15(2): 112-4, dic. 1990. tab, ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-131776

ABSTRACT

Se presentan los resultados acumulados actuales de un trabajo cooperativo de la filial sur de urología sobre 83 pacientes operados por cancer vesical de células transicionales etapa T1 en profilaxis de recidiva con microdosis de vacuna BCG (1 mg) mediante instilaciones vesicales durante un año. Se pesquisa 19 por ciento de recidivas en un promedio de 28 meses de observación. No se presentaron recidivas en los pacientes grado 1 de Broders y no hubo diferencias en cuanto a recidivas de los grados 2 y 3. Como complicación sólo se presentó irritación vesical en 1 paciente


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/therapy , BCG Vaccine/therapeutic use , Administration, Intravesical , Carcinoma, Transitional Cell/therapy , BCG Vaccine/adverse effects , Cystitis/etiology
14.
Bol. Hosp. San Juan de Dios ; 34(2): 86-91, mar.-abr. 1987. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-43824

ABSTRACT

Se presenta la experiencia prospectiva realizada en el Instituto Traumatológico de Santiago entre junio de 1980 y septiembre de 1984, período en el cual, de un total de 946 fracturas pertrocanteras ingresadas, 94 fueron intervenidas con el método de Ender. La selección de los pacientes sometidos a esta técnica se basó en parámetros objetivos tales como edad superior a 60 años; indemnidad de la piel local; ausencia de patología previa en el femur afectado; fractura con evolución no mayor de 14 días. Una marcada preferencia se estableció por los pacientes con mayor compromiso preoperatorio del estado general. Ni la osteoporosis ni otros caracteres de estabilidad de la fractura fueron considerados como factores de selección. La mortalidad fue del 3,4% a los 3 meses y el estudio de la capacidad funcional reveló una mantención de ella en el 93,3% de los casos. La consolidación se logró en todos los pacientes así como tambíen la movilización precoz. Se analizan las complicaciones observadas. Entre las precoces destacó la coxavara (11,4%) y entre las tardías las dismetrías (34%); la rotación externa (27%) y la gonalgia (27%) que no repercutieron significativamente sobre la capacidad funcional


Subject(s)
Middle Aged , Humans , Male , Female , Femoral Neck Fractures/surgery , Fracture Fixation, Intramedullary/methods
15.
Bol. Hosp. San Juan de Dios ; 30(5): 290-3, 1983.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-19752

ABSTRACT

Se analizan los hallazgos bacteriologicos observados en el estudio de 100 casos de sarna infectada estudiados en el Hospital de Gorbea. Entre los germenes encontrados destacan el Staphylococcus aureus (42%); el Streptococcus beta hemolyticus no grupo A (35%) y la asociacion de ambos (14%).Todos los pacientes fueron sometidos a un tratamiento antibiotico standard de penicilina, frente al cual solo hubo un caso resistente. La terapia se completo con la aplicacion local de gamexano al 1% en todos los integrantes del grupo familiar


Subject(s)
Infant, Newborn , Infant , Child, Preschool , Child , Adolescent , Adult , Humans , Male , Female , Penicillins , Scabies
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