Female Genital Mutilation Among Migrants in Spain: Healthcare System Responses and Challenges.

Female Genital Mutilation/Cutting is a human rights violation deeply rooted in gender inequality. The detection of women who have suffered the practice poses a series of challenges in primary healthcare. Intersectoral actions with an intersectional approach can acknowledge the complexity of the issue that can enhance safe and dialogical environments.

Indicator condition-guided HIV testing with an electronic prompt in primary healthcare: a before and after evaluation of an intervention.

OBJECTIVE: Indicator condition (IC)-guided HIV testing is a strategy for the diagnosis of patients with HIV. The aim of this study was to assess the impact on the proportion of HIV tests requested after the introduction of an electronic prompt instructing primary healthcare (PHC) physicians to request an HIV test when diagnosing predefined IC. METHODS: A prospective interventional study was conducted in 2015 in three PHC centres in Barcelona to assess the number of HIV test requests made during the implementation of an electronic prompt. Patients aged 18-65 years without HIV infection and with a new diagnosis of predefined IC were included. The results were compared with preprompt (2013) and postprompt data (2016). RESULTS: During the prompt period, 832 patients presented an IC (median age 41.6 years [IQR 30-54], 48.2% female). HIV tests were requested in 296 individuals (35, 6%) and blood tests made in 238. Four HIV infections were diagnosed (positivity rate 1.7%, 95% CI 0.5% to 4.4%). The number of HIV tests requested based on IC increased from 12.6% in 2013 to 35.6% in 2015 (p<0.001) and fell to 17.9% after removal of the prompt in 2016 (p<0.001). Younger patient age (OR 0.97, 95% CI 0.96 to 0.98), birth outside Spain (OR 1.53, 95% CI 1.06 to 2.21) and younger physician age (OR 0.97, 95% CI 0.96 to 0.99) were independent predictive factors for an HIV test request during the prompt period. The electronic prompt (OR 3.36, 95% CI 2.70 to 4.18) was the factor most closely associated with HIV test requests. It was estimated that 10 (95% CI 3.0 to 26.2) additional new cases would have been diagnosed if an HIV test had been performed in all patients presenting an IC. CONCLUSIONS: A significant increase in HIV test requests was observed during the implementation of the electronic prompt. The results suggest that this strategy could be useful in increasing IC-guided HIV testing in PHC centres.

Atención sanitaria a refugiados o la historia de una asignatura pendiente / Health care for refugees or the history of a pending issue

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An Interactive Mobile Phone-Website Platform to Facilitate Real-Time Management of Medication in Chronically ill Patients.

Poor adherence to medication is a prevalent issue that affects 50-60% of chronically ill patients. We present Medplan, a platform for patients/caregivers and healthcare professionals (HCPs) that aims to enhance adherence, increase patient medication knowledge, and facilitate communication between patients and HCPs. The Medplan platform was designed and developed by a multidisciplinary team composed of primary care and hospital physicians, pharmacists, patients, and developers. We questioned 62 patients in order to know their opinion about the different functions the app would incorporate and other possible features that should be taken into consideration. Medplan comprises a website for HCPs and an application (app) that is installed on the patient's phone. The app is available in Spanish, Catalan, and English. The patient's medication plan was introduced by the HCP and interfaced with the app. Each medicine is represented by an icon showing the indication of the treatment, the trade name, active ingredients, dose, and route of administration. Information about special requirements (e.g., need to take medication on an empty stomach), side effects, or lifestyle recommendations can also be provided. Additional functions include a medication reminder alarm system, by which patients can confirm whether or not they have taken the drug. Patients can self-track their adherence, and all data collected are sent automatically to the website for analysis by the HCP. Weekly motivation messages are sent to encourage adherence. A tool enabling interactive communication between patients and HCPs (primary care or hospital care) is also included. The app contains a feature enabling the HCP to verify the suitability of over-the-counter drugs. Medplan has the potential to significantly improve management of medication in chronically ill patients. A pilot study is being conducted to test whether Medplan is useful and effective.

Feasibility and Preliminary Outcomes of a Web and Smartphone-Based Medication Self-Management Platform for Chronically Ill Patients.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to assess the feasibility and preliminary outcomes of a medication self-management platform for chronically ill patients, Medplan. METHODS: We performed a 6-month single-arm prospective pre-post intervention study of patients receiving treatment for hypertension and/or dyslipidemia and/or heart failure and/or human immunodeficiency virus infection. During the pre-intervention phase, participants were followed according to their usual care; during the intervention phase, they used Medplan. We evaluated adherence, health outcomes, healthcare resources and measured the satisfaction of patients and health care professionals. RESULTS: The study population comprised 42 patients. No differences were found in adherence to medication measured by proportion of days covered with medication (PDC). However, when adherence was measured using the SMAQ, the percentage of adherent patients improved during the intervention phase (p < 0.05), and the number of days with missed doses decreased (p < 0.05). Adherence measured using the Medplan app showed poor concordance with PDC. No differences were found in health outcomes or in the use of health care resources during the study period. The mean satisfaction score for Medplan was 7.2 ± 2.7 out of 10 among patients and 7.3 ± 1.7 among health care professionals. In fact, 71.4 % of participants said they would recommend the app to a friend, and 88.1 % wanted to continue using it. CONCLUSION: The Medplan platform proved to be feasible and was well accepted by its users. However, its impact on adherence differed depending on the assessment method. The lack of effect on PDC is mainly because patients were already good adherers at baseline. The study enabled us to validate the platform in real patients using many different mobile devices and to identify potential barriers to scaling up the platform.

Using pay-for-performance to introduce changes in primary healthcare centres in Spain: first year results.

INTRODUCTION: The article describes evaluation of the first year of implementation of a process-management project and a quality-improvement programme linked to economic incentives carried out at CAPSE (Consortium of Primary Healthcare of Eixample, Barcelona City, Catalonia, Spain). OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the changes and to describe the experience of a variable payment scheme linked to quality objectives in two primary healthcare centres in Spain. METHOD: Data from a variable payment scheme for professionals, where the variable payment consisted of three parts, were analysed. The three areas included in the variable payment were the results of management by objectives, performance evaluation, and participation in a quality-improvement programme. Parallel to this the actions of continuous quality improvement that had been proposed during 2006 were described and evaluated. RESULTS: Participation among personnel in the quality-improvement programme was high, including 96% of doctors and 100% of nurses. Seventy-two improvement actions were proposed and accepted; 56% of the improvement actions took place within the established period of time, 18% did not finish within the deadline and 26% could not be accomplished for various reasons. DISCUSSION: The following areas needing improving were detected: process-management training for healthcare professionals, process orientation to the patients, the need to develop a communication plan, the selection of process and outcomes indicators, appropriate use of information systems and the time spent in implementation of the quality-improvement programme. CONCLUSION: Our preliminary results are encouraging. More studies and comparison of similar experiences are required before widespread use of this system can be recommended.

[Factors predicting a short length of stay for acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease]. / Factores predictivos de un ingreso corto en pacientes con enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica agudizada.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: We intended to identify the factors predicting a short length of stay in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and acute exacerbations in order to select those who are tributary to be admitted in a short stay unit. PATIENTS AND METHOD: Several clinical and biochemical characteristics were compared in a group of patients with COPD admitted in a short stay unit during an acute exacerbation, classified as lasting 4 days or > 4 days of hospital stay. RESULTS: A comorbidity index of 2 [1-2] vs 3 [2-3.5], a number of breaths per minute of 29.0 (6.5) vs 33.6 (6.8) and a pCO2 value on admission of 39.1 (5.3) vs 50.7 (12.0) mmHg were factors independently associated with a shorter stay (p < 0.001 in all). CONCLUSIONS: Some clinical characteristics of COPD patients are predictive of a short length of stay during acute exacerbations.

Factores predictivos de un ingreso corto en pacientes con enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica agudizada / Factors predicting a short lenght of stay for acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

Fundamento y objetivo: Identificar los factores predictivos de una estancia hospitalaria más reducida en pacientes con enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica (EPOC) agudizada, con el fin de seleccionar a aquellos tributarios de ingreso en una unidad de estancia corta. Pacientes y método: Se compararon diversos aspectos clínicos en un grupo de pacientes con EPOC agudizada que habían permanecido ingresados 4 días o menos, respecto a otro grupo de ingreso más prolongado. Resultados: El índice de comorbilidad (2 [extremos: 1-2] frente a 3 [extremos: 2-3,5]), el número de respiraciones/min (media [desviación estándar] de 29,0 [6,5] frente a 33,6 [6,8]) y la presión arterial de anhídrido carbónico en el momento del ingreso (media de 39,1 [5,3] frente a 50,7 [12,0] mmHg) se relacionan de forma independiente con una hospitalización de más corta duración (p < 0,001, en ambos casos). Conclusiones: Algunas características clínicas permiten identificar a los pacientes con EPOC agudizada que requieren un ingreso hospitalario corto

Background and objective: We intended to identify the factors predicting a short length of stay in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and acute exacerbations in order to select those who are tributary to be admitted in a short stay unit. Patients and method: Several clinical and biochemical characteristics were compared in a group of patients with COPD admitted in a short stay unit during an acute exacerbation, classified as lasting 4 days or > 4 days of hospital stay. Results: A comorbidity index of 2 [1-2] vs 3 [2-3.5], a number of breaths per minute of 29.0 (6.5) vs 33.6 (6.8) and a pCO2 value on admission of 39.1 (5.3) vs 50.7 (12.0) mmHg were factors independently associated with a shorter stay (p < 0.001 in all). Conclusions: Some clinical characteristics of COPD patients are predictive of a short length of stay during acute exacerbations

[Appropriateness of hospitalization in a short stay unit of a teaching hospital. A controlled study]. / Adecuación de la hospitalización en una unidad de estancia corta de un hospital universitario. Un estudio controlado.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Our aim was to evaluate the rate and the reasons for inappropriate hospital use in a medical Short Stay Unit (SSU) in comparison with conventional hospitalization. PATIENTS AND METHOD: The Appropriateness Evaluation Protocol was applied to 352 patients admitted in the SSU and to 203 patients admitted in a department of internal medicine (control group). RESULTS: The rates of inappropriate hospital admissions (0.6% vs 3%; p = 0.023) and stays (6.9% vs 18.7%; p < 0.001) were significantly lower in the SSU with respect to the control group. Main causes of inappropriateness were also lower: conservative physician's attitude (9.4% vs 41.4%; p = 0.001), delay in diagnostic procedures (3.4% vs 11.3%; p < 0.001), and social and familiar factors (2.8% vs 9.4%; p = 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: A SSU is useful for the appropriateness of hospital use, due to its capacity to minimize the number and causes of inappropriate stays.

Adecuación de la hospitalización en una unidad de estancia corta de un hospital universitario. Un estudio controlado / Appropriateness of hospitalization in a short stay unit of a teaching hospital. A controlled study

FUNDAMENTO Y OBJETIVO: Conocer el grado y las causas de inadecuación hospitalaria de una unidad de estancia corta (UEC), en relación con otras áreas de hospitalización que atienden a pacientes con los mismos diagnósticos. PACIENTES Y MÉTODO: Se ha aplicado el Appropriateness Evaluation Protocol a 352 pacientes ingresados en la UEC y a 203 ingresados en un área de medicina (grupo control). RESULTADOS: Los ingresos (un 0,6 frente al 3 por ciento; p = 0,023) y las estancias inadecuados (el 6,9 frente al 18,7 por ciento; p < 0,001) fueron menores en la UEC que en el grupo control. Las principales causas de inadecuación fueron también significativamente menos frecuentes: atención médica conservadora (el 9,4 frente al 41,4 por ciento; p = 0,001), retraso en las exploraciones complementarias (el 3,4 frente al 11,3 por ciento; p < 0,001) y problemas sociofamiliares (el 2,8 frente al 9,4 por ciento; p = 0,001). CONCLUSIONES: La UEC es un buen instrumento para la adecuación hospitalaria, ya que permite minimizar las causas de estancias inadecuadas (AU)