Halogen bonds on demand: I···S contacts in cocrystals of trans-bis(thiocyanato-κN)tetrakis(4-vinylpyridine-κN)nickel(II) and 2,3,5,6-tetrafluoro-1,4-diiodobenzene.

Hydrogen bonds are considered a powerful organizing force in designing supramolecular architectures because they are directional, selective and reversible at room temperature. trans-Dithiocyanatotetrakis(4-vinylpyridine)nickel(II) is a popular host for the inclusion of small molecules and 2,3,5,6-tetrafluoro-1,4-diiodobenzene (TFDIB) represents a strong halogen-bond donor. These constituents cocrystallize in a 1:1 stoichiometry, [Ni(NCS)2(C7H7N)4]·C6F4I2, in the tetragonal space group I41/a. Both residues occupy special positions, i.e. the pseudo-octahedral Ni(II) complex is located on a twofold axis and the TFDIB molecule sits about a crystallographic centre of inversion. The components interact via a short S···I contact of 3.2891 (12) Šbetween the thiocyanate S atom of the host and the iodine substituent at the perhalogenated aromatic ring of the smaller guest molecule. This interaction meets the commonly accepted criteria for a halogen bond. Such halogen bonds to sulfur are significantly less common than to smaller electronegative atoms.

Unexpected proline coordination in the copper chain polymer [Cu(µ-Cl)2(µ-DL-proline-κ²O:O')]¹∞.

In catena-poly[copper(II)-di-µ-chlorido-µ-proline-κ(2)O:O'], [CuCl2(C5H9NO2)]n, two symmetry-independent metal cations adopt distorted octahedral coordination, typical for d(9) Jahn-Teller systems. Each chloride bridge is involved in both a short and a very long interaction with a Cu(II) centre. The centrosymmetric crystal structure contains homochiral chains of opposite handedness which extend along the shortest lattice parameter (i.e. a). The O:O'-bridging coordination mode of proline, although a common motif for such complexes in general, is remarkable for Cu(II); the vast majority of amino acid derivatives of this cation are characterized by N,O-chelation.

One- and two-dimensional polymers from proline and calcium bromide.

Reactions of calcium bromide with enantiopure and racemic proline in aqueous solution lead to two solids in which the zwitterionic amino acid acts as a bridging ligand between neighbouring cations. Depending on the chirality of the amino acid, topologically very different products are obtained. With racemic proline, bromide acts as a simple uncoordinated counter-anion for the cationic heterochiral chains in catena-poly[[aquacalcium(II)]-µ-aqua-µ3-DL-proline-µ2-DL-proline], {[Ca(C5H9NO2)2(H2O)2]Br2}n. In agreement with chemical intuition, only carboxylate and aqua O atoms coordinate the alkaline earth cation in a low-symmetry arrangement. In contrast, L-proline affords the two-dimensional network poly[dibromidobis(µ2-L-proline)calcium(II)], [CaBr2(C5H9NO2)2]n, with an unexpected CaBr2 unit in a more regular coordination sphere.

The weakly coordinating perchlorate group in bis(N,N'-dimethylethylenediamine-κ2N,N')bis(perchlorato-κO)copper(II) studied at 100, 250 and 400 K.

The crystal structure of the title compound, [Cu(ClO(4))(2)(C(4)H(12)N(2))(2)], (I), is reported at 100, 250 and 400 K. The Cu(II) cation in this complex is coordinated in a distorted octahedral mode characteristic of Jahn-Teller systems. The coordination of the perchlorate ligands via longer, and presumably weaker, axial Cu-O distances varies significantly as a function of temperature. One of the Cu-O distances increases between 100 and 250 K, and one of the Cu-O-Cl angles expands between 250 and 400 K. At all temperatures, the complex forms a two-dimensional N-H···O hydrogen-bond network in the (001) plane.

The whole range of hydrogen bonds in one crystal structure: neutron diffraction and charge-density studies of N,N-dimethylbiguanidinium bis(hydrogensquarate).

N,N-Dimethylbiguanidinium bis(hydrogensquarate) features an impressive range of hydrogen bonds within the same crystal structure: neighbouring anions aggregate to a dianionic pair through two strong O-H···O interactions; one of these can be classified among the shortest hydrogen bonds ever studied. Cations and anions in this organic salt further interact via conventional N-H···O and nonclassical C-H···O contacts to an extended structure. As all these interactions occur in the same sample, the title compound is particularly suitable to monitor even subtle trends in hydrogen bonds. Neutron and high-resolution X-ray diffraction experiments have enabled us to determine the electron density precisely and to address its properties with an emphasis on the nature of the X-H···O interactions. Sensitive criteria such as the Laplacian of the electron density and energy densities in the bond-critical points reveal the incipient covalent character of the shortest O-H···O bond. These findings are in agreement with the precise geometry from neutron diffraction: the shortest hydrogen bond is also significantly more symmetric than the longer interactions.

Triaqua-bis-[4-(meth-oxy-carbon-yl)benzoato-κO]zinc dihydrate.

In the crystal structure of the title complex, [Zn(C(9)H(7)O(4))(2)(H(2)O)(3)]·2H(2)O, the Zn atom and the apical aqua ligand are located on a crystallographic twofold axis, with the Zn(II) ion in a distorted square-pyramidal coordination geometry composed of five O atoms, two from the monodentate methyl-terephthalato group and three from water mol-ecules. The resulting complex and the two hydrate water mol-ecules are inter-connected by O-H⋯O hydrogen bonds.

Pyridine-2,6-dicarboxaldehyde bis[(diphenylmethylidene)hydrazone].

The title compound, C(33)H(25)N(5), belongs to the family of pyridine-2,6-dicarboxaldehyde Schiff bases which possess a terdentate coordinating site (-N=C-C=N-C-C=N-) similar to terpyridine derivatives. The dihedral angles between pairs of terminal rings are 69.67 (9) and 66.23 (9)°. The shortest distance between the centroids of aromatic rings in neighbouring mol-ecules is 3.8080 (14) Å.

[rac-2-(1-Amino-eth-yl)phenyl-κC,N](ethyl-endiamine-κN,N')palladium(II) 3-methyl-benzoate monohydrate.

In the title compound, [Pd(C(8)H(10)N)(C(2)H(8)N(2))](C(8)H(7)O(2))·H(2)O, the palladium ion is coordinated in a distorted square-planar fashion by the two N atoms from the chelating ethyl-enediamine group and by the N and a C atom of the deprotonated chiral amine. The resulting cationic complex, the 3-methyl-benzoate anion and the hydrate water mol-ecule are inter-connected by N-H⋯O and O-H⋯O hydrogen bonds.

[rac-2-(1-Amino-eth-yl)phenyl-κC,N](ethyl-endiamine-κN,N')palladium(II) 3,5-dimethyl-benzoate.

In the title compound, [Pd(C(8)H(10)N)(C(2)H(8)N(2))](C(9)H(9)O(2)), the palladium ion is coordinated in a distorted square-planar fashion by the two N atoms from the chelating ethyl-enediamine group and by the N and a C atom of the deprotonated chiral amine. The resulting cationic complex and the 3,5-dimethyl-benzoate anion are inter-connected by N-H⋯O hydrogen bonds.

Tris[4-(2-pyridylmethyl-eneamino)phenol]iron(II) bis-(perchlorate).

In the title compound, [Fe(C(12)H(10)N(2)O)(3)](ClO(4))(2), the metal center is coordinated by six N atoms from the three bidentate chelating ligands in a distorted octa-hedral coordination geometry, with overall formation of the meridional (OC-6-21) isomer. Inter-molecular O-H⋯O hydrogen bonds between the hydroxyl groups of the cation and the counter-anions form an infinite one-dimensional chain in the c-axis direction.