ABSTRACT
The increasing frequency of ISS egress operations resulted in ISS air pollution by an uncharacteristic group of toxic compounds, i. e. propellant residues and products of propellant incomplete burning. High reactivity and toxicity of these compounds necessitated the development of a method of sanitary-chemical evaluation of ISS air safety given penetration of the new pollutants. The method is fulfilled in two stages. First is air sampling and then--sample analysis in ground laboratory by chromatography-mass spectrometry. Air sampling, as well as sample handling and analysis procedures were refined with the use of artificial gas mixtures. The proposed method shows promise as an instrument for the hygienic evaluation of ISS air pollution by hydrazine derivatives.
Subject(s)
Air Conditioning/methods , Air Pollution, Indoor/prevention & control , Ecological Systems, Closed , Hydrazines/chemistry , Hygiene/standards , Spacecraft , Air Pollution, Indoor/analysis , Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry , Humans , International Cooperation , Reproducibility of ResultsABSTRACT
Blood serum was studied for its antitryptic activity in 161 patients with chronic bronchitis, 87 individuals with malignant tumors of the respiratory organs, 70 blood donors, with regard to phenotypic variant of alpha 1-inhibitor of proteinases. Difference was revealed in antitryptic activity, associated with the particular features of the pathologic process and phenotypic variant of the inhibitor. There exists in the carriers of homozygote latent insufficiency of the inhibitory defence of the organism against the proteolytic effects.
Subject(s)
Bronchitis/blood , Lung Neoplasms/blood , alpha 1-Antitrypsin/analysis , Adult , Blood Donors , Chronic Disease , Homozygote , Humans , Isoelectric Focusing , Middle Aged , PhenotypeABSTRACT
The connection between alpha 1-proteinase inhibitor variants and immunity disorders in patients with chronic obstructive bronchitis is considered in the article. As a result of investigation disorders of both T- and B-immunity systems were found. They consisted in decrease of the content and proliferative activity of T-lymphocytes, changes in their populational composition, dysfunction of B-lymphocytes, dysimmunoglobulinemia. These changes were more pronounced in allele M3+ carriers constituting the risk group on chronic lung diseases.
Subject(s)
Bronchitis/immunology , alpha 1-Antitrypsin/genetics , Adult , Alleles , B-Lymphocytes/immunology , Bronchitis/genetics , Chronic Disease , Female , Heterozygote , Humans , Immunity, Cellular/genetics , Male , Phenotype , T-Lymphocytes/immunologyABSTRACT
The study established that shifts in oxidant-antioxidant system induced by chronic obstructive bronchitis are correctable by He-Ne laser irradiation. This conclusion was based on biochemical indices of the blood measured in experimental animals: lipid peroxidation, general antitryptic activity of the serum, activity of the enzymes superoxide dismutase, gamma-glutamyl transferase, pseudocholine esterase, alpha-oxybutyrate dehydrogenase, glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase.
Subject(s)
Antioxidants , Bronchitis/radiotherapy , Laser Therapy , Animals , Biochemical Phenomena , Biochemistry , Bronchitis/blood , Butyrylcholinesterase/blood , Glucosephosphate Dehydrogenase/blood , Hydroxybutyrate Dehydrogenase/blood , Lipid Peroxidation , Rats , Superoxide Dismutase/blood , gamma-Glutamyltransferase/bloodABSTRACT
The activity of the key enzyme of the pentoso-phosphate cycle--glucoso-6-phosphatedehydrogenase was examined in patients with chronic inflammatory pulmonary diseases. Results indicate that with exacerbation of the process in the bronchopulmonary system there occurs an increase of the activity of the mentioned enzyme. Examination of the activity of this enzyme may be of value for optimization of treatment measures in patients with inflammatory pulmonary diseases.
Subject(s)
Glucosephosphate Dehydrogenase/blood , Pneumonia/enzymology , Adult , Bronchitis/enzymology , Chronic Disease , Humans , Middle Aged , Pentose Phosphate PathwayABSTRACT
Cellular and humoral immunity was investigated in practically healthy subjects with PLM allele subtypes in the homozygotic form, PiM3M3 phenotypical variants and normal phenotypical variant PiM1M1 in the presence of which practically healthy subjects show a 100% antitryptic activity in the blood serum. A study of the immunological reactivity of 225 patients with chronic obstructive bronchitis revealed in these patients disorders of the cellular and humoral immunity and they were more pronounced in patients with PiM3M3 phenotypical variant.