[Experimental evaluation of the biological risks of introduction of the genetically modified microorganism (GMM) B. subtilis VKPM B-7092 into the environment].

Experimental evaluation of the biological risks of introducing the genetically modified microorganism (GMM) B. subtilis VKPM B-7092, an active ingredient of the probiotic VETOM 1.1, into an open system was performed. The following features of the GMM were studied: the survival rate of the GMM in bovine gastroenteric tract; its influence on the microbiocenosis; the species composition of microflora of the gastroenteric tract of the animal species; the possibility of transfer of the DNA fragment cloned in the B. subtilis bacterium and containing the gene of human leukocyte alpha2 interferon to the representatives of intestinal microflora of animals fed on the probiotic VETOM 1.1, as well as the GMM transfer to other microorganism species spread in the areas of potential getting of the GMM into the environment (soil). The study revealed no negative effects of the GMM on the animal organism and the environment, including remote aftereffects.

[The effect of entomopathogenic fungi on the activity of detoxicating enzymes of larvae of bee pyralid Galleria mellonella L. (Lepidoptera, Pyralidee) and the role of detoxicating enzymes in the formation of the insect' resistance to entomopathogenic fungi].

In the work it was shown that fungal infection of insects increased the total esterase and glutathione-S-transferase activities of hemolymph. Acid and alkaline phosphatase activity in infected larvae remained at the same level as in intact larvae. Fungi-infected bee pyralid larvae turned out to be 1.46 times more resistant to phosphoorganic insecticide malation as compared to intact larvae. On the other hand, treating insects with the inhibitors of detoxicating enzymes caused a sharp decrease in the insects' resistance to entomophathogenic fungi. The work discusses possible participation of detoxicating enzymes in the formation of the insects' resistance to entomopathogenic fungi as well as new strategies of the development and creation of complex biopreparations based on entomopathogenic microorganisms and inhibitors of detoxicating enzymes.

[Experimental evaluation of possible transmission of human alpha-2 interferon artificial gene to the other microorganism species]. / Eksperimental'naia otsenka vozmozhnosti peredachi iskusstvennogo gena leikotsitarnogo interferona-al'fa2 cheloveka v drugie vidy mikroorganizmov.

Described within the case study are experimental evaluation data on the remote results of introduction of gene-engineered microorganisms (GEM) of the B-7092 B. subtilis strain into the environment with the follow-up ranging from 1 to 7 years. No bacteria of the above GEM were detected (among selected 19 bacterial cultures) in soil samples from an agricultural farm, where the VETOM 1.1 probiotic was used for the treatment and prevention of cattle; primary and precise identification (two-round PCR with specific primers) was applied. The introduction of the B-7092 B. subtilis strain into the environment did not result in its unlimited growth and proliferation in soil. No transfer of plasmid genes (genes of leukocytic human alpha-2 interferon) from the B-7092 B. subtilis strain GEM to microorganism species available in the environment (soil) was registered. No recombinant plasmid DNA from lysed GEM cells was detected in soil samples.

[Changes in the activity and pattern of hemolymph esterases in the larvae of wax moth Galleria mellonella L. (Lepidoptera, Pyralidae) during mycosis]. / Izmenenie aktivnosti spektra ésteraz gemolimphy gusenits voshchinnoi moli Galleria mellonella L.(Lepidoptera; Pyralidae) pri mikozakh.

The extended pattern of multiple esterase forms has been revealed in the hemolymph of wax moth Galleria mellonella larvae infected by the fungi Metarhizium anisopliae, Beauveria bassiana or Paecilomyces fumoso-roseus. The total esterase activity of the hemolymph also increases during mycosis. Mechanical damage of the cuticle, treatment with deltamethrin, and chilling of the caterpillars induced similar changes in the hemolymph pattern of esterase activity. Presumably, the changed spectrum and activity of the hemolymph esterases during mycosis is due to the damaged cuticle and epidermis cells.