[Results of the determination of enteral calcium absorption and calcium kinetics with 47Ca in patients with chronic recurring urolithiasis]. / Ergebnisse der Bestimmung der enteralen Kalziumabsorption und Kalziumkinetik mit 47Ca bei Patienten mit chronisch rezidivierendem Harnsteinleiden.

In the context of the classification of hypercalciuria in urolithiasis, the measurement of enteral calcium absorption is very important. A precise method is that of oral load with 47Ca and measurement of its activity by means of a human body counter; 47Ca activity in serum, urine and stools in simultaneously measured. To date 47 patients with chronically recidive calcium lithiasis (with between 3 and over 100 stone episodes) and an average age of 43.2 years have been examined. Calcium absorption lay between 42.7% and 90.0% of the dose, the average was 59.3% with a standard deviation of +/- 12.9. This is higher than in persons with healthy kidneys, but not significantly so. Calcium absorption is significantly lower in patients with renal insufficiency. The studies on calcium kinetics revealed turnover rates and pool sizes within the normal range.

[Urinary calculi and the single kidney]. / Harnsteinleiden und Einnierigkeit.

The problems and interactions of urolithiasis and monorenality are presented in a survey covering four essential parameters: --Urolithiasis as an indication for nephrectomy: One nephrectomy in four is performed because of urolithiasis. This rate of nephrectomy has not changed in the last 50 years. --Recidive urolithiasis in the residual kidney: Around 37% of all monorenal persons have a diseased single or residual kidney. On average one in four cases of residual kidney disease is caused by urolithiasis. This recidive calculus quota has also not significantly changed in recent decades. --Lethality of operations on the residual kidney: Urolithiasis is becoming almost the only indication for operating on a residual kidney; due to postrenal anuria, uraemia and urosepsis a large percentage of such operations are emergency operations under extremely unfavourable initial conditions. Despite the use of modern methods of medical treatment the lethality rate is for this reason still relatively high (7-15%). --Life expectancy of monorenals with urolithiasis: The life expectancy of monorenals with urolithiasis is clearly limited due to further complications (chronic pyelonephritis, hypertonia, urinary stasis and uraemia). It is therefore absolutely necessary for monorenal persons with urolithiasis to have intensive observation and urological treatment.

[Detection of carbonic anhydrase in the human kidney from the viewpoint of acid-base regulation (an immunohistochemical study in urolithiasis patients)]. / Der Nachweis von Carboanhydrase in der menschlichen Niere unter dem Aspekt der Säure-Basen-Regulation (Eine immunhistochemische Untersuchung bei Urolithiasis-Patienten).

The enzyme carbonic anhydrase was detected with an indirect immunoperoxidase method in 22 kidney exploratory excisions of patients with urolithiasis, ren mobilis or stenosis of ureteral pelvic junction. The reactivity of carbonic anhydrase was related to disturbances in acid-base equilibrium. Carbonic anhydrase was detected in the convoluted parts of the distal tubules, connecting tubules and cortical collecting ducts. The distribution corresponds vastly with the localization of intercalated cells. The reaction was increased in three cases with acid rigidity and was strongly reduced in one case of renal tubular acidosis.

[Problems of assessment and occupational rehabilitation of patients with malignant urogenital neoplasm]. / Probleme bei der Begurachtung und beruflichen Rehabilitation von Patienten mit malignen Urogenitaltumoren.

The expert opinion and the rehabilitation of patients with urogenital tumours often render great problems and tasks for the urologist. A schematic invalidisation of these patients is to be refused. The leading idea of an expert opinion should be the rehabilitation. This demands from the expert a judgment of the function with evaluation of the oncological prognosis quoad vitam and a judgment of the remaining functions of the treated organism as well as a recommendation for the further professional activity based on this judgment. A close cooperation with industrial institutions, the factory public health, the medical advisory commissions and the rehabilitation commissions is necessary for rehabilitation. The notion of rehabilitation--professional as well as social--is to be extended to the not unconsiderable number of patients at pensioner's age. The resumption of a suitable work effects in a patient sith successfully treated tumour disease the improvement of the general physico-psychic resistance, increases the will to recovery and activity and furthers the acclimatization and adaptation to remaining disturbances. Thus expert opinion in the sense of rehabilitation is also a therapy. The results of modern tumour therapy should not be measured only at the survival rates, but also at the degree of the social and professional rehabilitation of the patients.