[Etiopathophysiological mechanism of systemic and local allergic sensitization in the development of chronic rhinitis and chronic rhinosinusitis]. / Etiopatofiziologicheskii mekhanizm obshchei i mestnoi allergicheskoi sensibilizatsii v razvitii khronicheskogo rinita i khronicheskogo rinosinusita.

The persistence, development and exacerbation of chronic rhinitis and chronic rhinosinusitis all involve sensitization to respiratory allergens. The allergic response in question is the IgE-mediated mechanism of rhinitis, which often leads to a complex of etiopathophysiological malfunctions in various organs and systems. For clinical classification and further management of patients, it is important not to miss the detection of both systemic allergic sensitization to aeroallergens (which is achieved by conducting skin prick test or detecting the allergen-specific immunoglobulin E in the blood) and local sensitization (which can be confirmed by conducting nasal provocation test or detecting the nasal-specific immunoglobulin E in nasal mucosa). Before a full examination is conducted and both systemic and local sensitization are ruled out, the diagnosis of non-allergic rhinitis and the management of a patient with non-allergic nasal inflammation may be premature.

Antagonistic activity of Malassezia Spp. towards other clinically significant yeast genera.

Antagonistic activity of Malassezia yeast towards clinically significant yeast species was studied. Ten Malassezia strains exhibited this activity. M. furfur strain exhibited maximum activity and the least sensitivity to "foreign" metabolites. M. globosa proved to be the most sensitive and the least active. M. furfur metabolites exhibited pronounced activity towards 6 Basidiomycetes strains. This effect was significantly higher in comparison with antagonistic activity towards 13 Ascomycetes species. Studies of a complex of M. furfur antagonistic metabolites showed that it has at least two components: thermolabile proteins with molecular weights of 33 and 35 kDa and a thermostable one, proteinase-resistant. In contrast to metabolites of many other yeast species, this substance is more effective against related Basidiomycetes microorganisms (Cryptococcus albicans), while antagonistic proteins are active mainly towards Ascomycetes, such as Candida albicans. It was found that mycocin-like activity of Malassezia is encoded by chromosomes, but not plasmids.