High-resolution large-scale plasmonic laser color printing for jewelry applications.

We offer to use optical features of surface plasmon resonance in Ag nanoparticles for jewelry application as a method for the well-controlled decoration of silver items. The novel approach of silver nanoparticles formation with sizes from 5 to 50 nm via nanosecond direct laser writing allows for controlling the reflectance spectra, thus creating a color image on precious metals with a high resolution of about 450 dpi without dyes or hazardous chemicals. Moreover, the large-scale color image can be applied in single-step processing with significant productivity of 2 cm2 per minute. This work opens a strong direction for the practical application in the jewelry industry, art, and coining.

[Clinical efficiency of bacterial lysates used to treat children and adolescents after adenotonsillectomy]. / Klinicheskaia éffektivnost' bakterial'nykh lizatov pri adenotonzilléktomii u detei i podrostkov.

The present study included 58 patients at the age from 12 to 17 years who had undergone adenotonsillectomy under anesthesia. The patients of group 1 (n=28) were additionally treated with IRS 19 and imudon with a view to estimating the influence of bacterial lysates for topical applications on the course of the postoperative period. The control group (group 2) comprised 30 patients. The children of group 1 showed less pronounced reactive changes in the postoperative wound and relatively low bacterial contamination of its surface, mild pain reaction and accelerated regeneration of the injured pharyngeal tissues compared with control subjects. It is concluded that topical application of IRS 19 and imudon bacterial lysates during the postoperative period after adenotonsillectomy produces the well-apparent therapeutic effect and considerably improves the quality of surgical treatment of the patients.

[The clinical picture and outcome of rhinosinusogenic pyoseptic complications in children].

The objective of the present work was to study peculiarities of the clinical picture and the results of the treatment of rhinosinusogenic complications in children and to evaluate the diagnostic and prognostic significance of systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) and other mediators of inflammation. A total of 103 case histories were available for the analysis. The age of the patients varied from 1 month to 15 years. Pyogenic orbital pathology was documented in 55 (53.4%) children, eyelid abscess and subperiosteal abscess in 13 (23.6%), orbital phlegmona and retrobulbar abscess in 38 (69.1%), osteomyelitis of the facial skeleton in 4 (10.5%), and intracracnial complications in 48 (46.6%) children (including pachimeningitis/extradural abscess in 5, meningitis in 10, meningoencephalitis in 6, subdural empyema in 12, cavernous sinus abscess in 8, and cerebral abscess in 7 patients). SIRS was diagnosed in 24 (42.8%) children with orbital complications and in 100% of the patients suffering intracranial pathology. It was shown that a rise in the C-reactive peptide level to above 50 mg/l in conjunction with two or more signs of SIRS may serve as a sensitive diagnostic criterion for the severe infection while a decrease in C-reactive protein to below 50 mg/l within the first days of the disease is a reliable prognostic factor of its favourable outcome. The blood level C-reactive protein in the patients presenting with intracranial complications exceeded 0.1 mcg/l and continued to increase in proportion to the severity of the disease. A total of 43 (41.8%) children were available for the long-term follow-up (seven of them developed a relapse of frontitis that required reoperation, one patient presenting with nasal liquorrhea needed plastic closure of the liquor fistula, and one more died after the one-year follow-up period had elapsed because of polyorgan insufficiency).

[Rhinosinusogenic subdural empyema in children].

We have analysed case histories of children with rhinosinusogenic intracranial complications admitted to the ENT department of the Krasnodar regional pediatric hospital for a decade (1994-2003). Of 44 patients, 10 had subdural empyema manifesting primarily with such early symptoms as severe headache (n=5), mental disorders (n=10), fever (9), focal neurological symptoms (n=10). Systemic inflammatory response syndrome occurred in all the children. Preoperative treatment included a complex of measures aimed at correction of vital functions followed by urgent surgical cleansing of the primary and secondary infection foci. Postoperative therapy in a critical unit consisted of combined antibacterial treatment (amoxicilline/clavulanate, oxacilline or vancomycin in combination with cefalosporines of the third generation and metronidasol), infusion and symptomatic therapy. Early diagnosis and treatment including eradication of the primary focus in the paranasal sinuses and drainage of the subdural abscess, antibacterial and infusion therapy provide a good outcome.

[Syndrome of systemic inflammatory response in children with septic pyogenic complications of rhinosinusitis]. / Sindrom sistemnogo vospalitel'nogo otveta pri gnoino-septicheskikh oslozhneniiakh rinosinusitov u detei.

Clinical features and diagnostic and prognostic values of systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) were studied in 158 children with rhino-sinusogenic orbital and intracranial complications. Patients, whose condition was more severe, showed more SIRS markers and more often needed surgical removal of the primary infectious process in paranasal sinuses (31%). Increase of the SIRS symptoms led to an increase of organic dysfunction from 3.3% to 53.3%. The main targets for shock are the brain and meninges, with the lungs being often the second target and the hemostasis system being also often involved. Complicated rhinosinusitis should be regarded as septic if in addition to the primary infectious process the child has two or more SIRS symptoms and signs of organic dysfunctions. This approach to the diagnosis and treatment of sepsis results in recovery of 98.5 of children with this condition.

[Oto- and rhinosinusogenic sepsis in children]. / Oto- i rinosinusogennyi sepsis u detei.

Clinical characteristics of 25 cases of otogenic and 26 cases of rhinosinusogenic sepsis have been analysed. The main diagnostic criteria of the sepsis were the following: fever, leukocytosis, micro- and macrovascular abnormalities, respiratory and coagulation disorders, abnormal protein levels in plasma, etc. Oto- and rhinosinusogenic sepsis in 45(88.2%) examinees was associated with intracranial complications. Early diagnosis of sepsis, timely operation after adequate preparation, administration of antimicrobial drugs and infusions, stay of patients in intensive care unit with permanent monitoring provided a good outcome in 94% patients.

[Orbital and intracranial complications of paranasal sinus inflammation]. / Orbital'nye i vnutricherepnye oslozhneniia vospalitel'nykh zabolevaniiokolonosovykh pazykh.

The examination of 2251 patients with paranasal sinusitis has detected various rhinosinusogenic orbital and intracranial complications in 75 of them (3.3% of overall number of sinusitis patients). The complications were caused by acute and chronic paranasal sinusitis in 49 and 26 patients, respectively. 55 patients had orbital, 20--different intracranial complications. The treatment in most cases consists of emergency operation on the paranasal sinuses, in intracranial complications the surgeon opens dura mater of the anterior cranial fossa and prescribes massive antibacterial, dehydration, desintoxication therapy.