ABSTRACT
The present paper is a revue of the basic terms related to the neuroprotection, an up-to-date on the pathophysiology of glaucoma. There are emphasized some of the main directions of evolution in the antiglaucomatous and neuroprotective treatment.
Subject(s)
Glaucoma/complications , Neuroprotective Agents/therapeutic use , Optic Nerve Diseases/etiology , Optic Nerve Diseases/prevention & control , Disease Progression , Glaucoma/physiopathology , Humans , Neuroprotective Agents/administration & dosage , Retinal Ganglion Cells/drug effects , Treatment OutcomeABSTRACT
Ocular electrophysiology investigations come back in actuality with new elements; current functional tests involve bias (VF) and require the use of investigations with a high degree of objectivism: full field ERG, pattern ERG, for early detection and monitoring of certain ophthalmic diseases.
Subject(s)
Electroretinography , Glaucoma/diagnosis , Glaucoma/physiopathology , Disease Progression , Humans , Intraocular Pressure , PrognosisABSTRACT
The keratocytes play a leading role in maintaining the normal transparent corneal structure, but also in repairing it, following various injuries. Knowledge of phenotype changes of these cells is important, both for explaining corneal pathology and for researching new therapy options.
Subject(s)
Keratinocytes/metabolism , Keratinocytes/pathology , Cornea/pathology , Fibroblasts/metabolism , Humans , Keratinocytes/ultrastructure , Keratoconus/pathology , PhenotypeABSTRACT
The article presents current keratoplasty options available worldwide, indications and limits for each type of surgical procedure, as well as postoperative treatment, including immunomodulation therapies, some of whom are still in an experimental stage, available for use in selected clinics.
Subject(s)
Corneal Diseases/surgery , Keratoplasty, Penetrating/methods , Corneal Transplantation/methods , Graft Rejection/prevention & control , Humans , Laser Therapy , Practice Guidelines as Topic , Treatment Outcome , Visual AcuityABSTRACT
Congenital ocular melanocytosis (COM) is an extremely rare melanocytic hyperplasia (0.038% in Caucasian population); it affects episclera and sclera. The conjunctival epithelium is not affected, as opposed to conjunctival melanosis. The pigmentation is grayish-blue and its consistency with the underlying tissues as the conjunctiva moves (deep pigmentation) is an essential diagnostic clue. COM may be isolated or associated with facial pigmentation, in the area innervated by the trigeminal nerve--known as oculodermal melanocytosis or nevus of Ota. COM may associate the following findings: iris hypercromia, iris mammillations, fundus hypercromia, uveal melanoma (most frequent choroidal melanoma) and glaucoma (10%). Melanocytes have been found in the brain, orbit, bucal mucosa in COM.
Subject(s)
Developmental Disabilities/etiology , Iris Neoplasms/psychology , Nevus of Ota/psychology , Scleral Diseases/psychology , Child , Developmental Disabilities/diagnosis , Developmental Disabilities/psychology , Diagnosis, Differential , Humans , Iris/pathology , Iris Neoplasms/congenital , Iris Neoplasms/diagnosis , Male , Nevus of Ota/congenital , Nevus of Ota/diagnosis , Sclera/pathology , Scleral Diseases/congenital , Scleral Diseases/diagnosis , SyndromeABSTRACT
Congenital ocular melanocytosis (COM) is an extremely rare melanocytic hyperplasia (0.038% in Caucasian population); it affects episclera and sclera. The conjunctival epithelium is not affected, as opposed to conjunctival melanosis. The pigmentation is grayish-blue and its consistency with the underlying tissues as the conjunctiva moves (deep pigmentation) is an essential diagnostic clue. COM may be isolated or associated with facial pigmentation, in the area innervated by the trigeminal nerve--known as oculodermal melanocytosis or nevus of Ota. COM may associate the following findings: iris hypercromia, iris mammillations, fundus hypercromia, uveal melanoma (most frequent choroidal melanoma) and glaucoma (10%). Melanocytes have been found in the brain, orbit, bucal mucosa in COM.
