ABSTRACT
A follow-up liver biopsy was done 9-16 years (mean 12 years) after initial biopsy in 20 untreated Swedish patients infected with hepatitis C (8 men, 12 women; mean age 30 years at initial biopsy) in whom first biopsy had been classified as chronic persistent hepatitis. A significant progression of liver damage was found when using Histology Activity Index (HAI) scoring according to Knodell (p=0.006 for total HAI score; p=0.03 for grading, i.e., sum of HAI components 1, 2, and 3; p=0.01 for staging, i.e., HAI component 4, fibrosis). Fourteen of 20 (70%) patients had increased while 6 had decreased or unchanged HAI scores on follow-up biopsy. Occasional heavy alcohol drinkers (n=6) had an increased follow-up HAI score as compared with nondrinkers (p<0.05). Eight of 14 who deteriorated on follow-up versus 0 of 6 with improved or unchanged liver histology were anti-HBc positive (p=0.04). There was no significant correlation between HCV genotype and prognosis; however, the only two patients with liver cirrhosis on follow-up had genotype 1b. In conclusion, most patients with minimal or mild chronic hepatitis C in the present study had histologic progression on the latest biopsy. Cofactors such as alcohol abuse and exposure to hepatitis B may have a greater influence than HCV alone in determining the rate of deterioration of liver disease.
Subject(s)
Hepatitis C/pathology , Hepatitis, Chronic/pathology , Adolescent , Adult , Alcohol Drinking/pathology , Biopsy , DNA, Viral/analysis , Disease Progression , Female , Hepacivirus/isolation & purification , Hepatitis B Antibodies/blood , Hepatitis B virus/isolation & purification , Hepatitis C/blood , Hepatitis C/diagnosis , Hepatitis C/virology , Hepatitis, Chronic/blood , Hepatitis, Chronic/diagnosis , Hepatitis, Chronic/virology , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Prognosis , RNA, Viral/analysisABSTRACT
985 episodes of hepatitis representing 98% of all acute hepatitis episodes found in a Swedish city during a 10-year period were analyzed for anti-hepatitis A IgM antibodies and hepatitis B surface antigen. Hepatitis A was diagnosed in 311 episodes (32%), hepatitis B in 494 (50%), simultaneous acute hepatitis A and B in 12 (1.2%), and 168 episodes (17%) were classified as hepatitis non-A, non-B. The majority of the hepatitis A cases were drug addicts (58%), and all were concentrated in 3 outbreaks of 1-2 years duration. 16% of all hepatitis A cases were probably imported. Hepatitis B cases decreased significantly (p less than 0.001) between the first and second half of the study period. 47% were drug addicts. Hepatitis non-A, non-B was also dominated by drug addicts (61%). Approximately 20% of the cases in all 3 types of hepatitis had no identifiable source.
