Maternal and perinatal outcomes in women ≥40 years undergoing induction of labor compared with women <35 years: Results from 4027 mothers.

AIM: Cesarean section is known to be increased with advanced maternal age in women undergoing induction of labor (IOL), but there is less information regarding other possible adverse maternal and fetal outcomes. METHODS: Retrospective cohort study of singleton, nulliparous, at-term women undergoing IOL between January 2007 and September 2020. Outcomes studied were: cesarean section, failed induction rate, fetal distress, post-partum hemorrhage, post-partum hysterectomy, and need of transfusion. Neonatal variables analyzed were: Apgar score, umbilical cord pH, need of admission to neonatal intensive care unit, and mortality. RESULTS: A total of 4027 women met the inclusion criteria; 1968 (48.9%) of mothers were <35 years, 1283 (31.9%) were 35-39 years, 658 (16.3%) were 40-44 years, and 118 (2.9%) were ≥45 years. Results showed a significantly increased incidence of c-section in women ≥35 years, with an OR 1.79 (95% CI 1.50-2.14) for women 40-44 years and OR 3.95 (95% CI 2.66-5.98) for women ≥45 years. The main indication for cesarean delivery was failed IOL, and this risk was also significantly increased in women ≥40 years. These differences remained significant after adjustment for confounding factors. No other adverse maternal or fetal outcomes showed an association with age. CONCLUSION: Maternal age ≥40 years was associated with an increased risk of c-section after IOL at term compared with younger women, mainly because of failed induction, but no association with other adverse maternal or neonatal outcomes were found in our population. Risks and benefits of IOL in older women should be individually evaluated and adequately discussed with mothers.

Impact of aging on obstetric outcomes: defining advanced maternal age in Barcelona.

BACKGROUND: Women of advanced maternal age (AMA) are a growing population, with higher obstetric risks. The Mediterranean population has specific characteristics different from other areas. Thus, the objective of this study was to establish a cut-off to define AMA in a selected mediterranean population coming from a tertiary referral private/mutual health hospital in Barcelona. METHODS: Retrospective cohort of euploid singleton pregnancies delivered from January 2007 to June 2017. Main maternal outcomes were: gestational diabetes, preeclampsia, placenta previa, c-section and prolonged hospitalization (≥ 7 days). Main adverse perinatal outcomes were: stillbirth, prematurity, preterm prelabor rupture of membranes, low birth weight, need of admission at a neonatal intensive care unit and perinatal mortality. Adjustment for confounding factors (smoking, previous comorbilities, parity, assisted reproductive techniques (ART) and obesity) was performed. RESULTS: A total of 25054 pregnancies were included. Mean maternal age was 34.7 ± 4.2 years, with 2807 patients in the group of age between 40 and 44 years (11.2%) and 280 patients ≥45 years (1.1%). Women at AMA had higher incidence of previous comorbilities (compared to the reference group of women < 30 years): prior c-section, chronic hypertension and obesity. In addition, they were more likely to use ART. After adjusting for confounding factors, maternal age was an independent and statistically significant risk factor for gestational diabetes (OR 1.66/2.80/3.14) for ages 30-39, 40-44 and ≥ 45 years respectively, c-section (OR 1.28/2.41/7.27) and placenta previa (OR 2.56/4.83) for ages 40-44 and ≥ 45 years respectively, but not for preeclampsia (neither early-onset nor late-onset). Risk of emergency c-section was only increased in women ≥45 years (OR, 2.03 (95% CI, 1.50-2.74). In the other groups of age, the increase in c-section rate was because of elective indications. Age ≥ 45 years was associated with iatrogenic prematurity < 37 weeks (OR 2.62, 95% CI 1.30-5.27). No other relevant associations between AMA and maternal or neonatal outcomes were found. CONCLUSIONS: Maternal age is an independent risk factor for adverse obstetric outcomes. Age ≥ 40 years was associated to relevant increased risks and reveals to be an adequate cut-off to define AMA in our population.

Elección de un tocolítico: revisión de las evidencias clínicas / Tocolitic Agent election: a review according to clinic evidences

Existen diversas opciones farmacológicas para prevenir el trabajo de parto prematuro: beta agonistas, sulfato de magnesio, inhibidores de la ciclooxigenasa (COX), calcioantagonistas, antagonistas de los receptores de la oxitocina (atosiban) y donantes de óxido nítrico. Los beta agonistas son eficaces para retrasar el parto en el trabajo de parto prematuro, pero no está claramente demostrado que este beneficio se traduzca en una mejoría de los resultados neonatales; además, son los tocolíticos que producen más efectos secundarios en la madre. El sulfato de magnesio no ha demostrado ser un buen tocolítico, pero utilizado de forma preventiva posee un efecto neuroprotector sobre el feto. Según los resultados de un metanálisis reciente, los inhibidores de la COX y los calcioantagonistas, como el nifedipino, son los tocolíticos más efectivos para retrasar el parto. El nifedipino presenta además un mejor perfil de tolerabilidad fetal y neonatal que el atosiban y los beta agonistas. En cambio, persisten las dudas sobre la tolerabilidad fetal y neonatal de los inhibidores de la COX. Con respecto al atosiban, a pesar de su elevado coste no parece que aporte ventajas frente a otros tocolíticos en la prolongación del embarazo y mejoría de los resultados neonatales. Las evidencias disponibles no apoyan el uso de los donantes de óxido nítrico en la tocólisis (AU)

No disponible

Guía clínica de actuación de la interrupción del embarazo / Clinical guidelines for pregnancy terminations

En marzo de 2010 entró en vigor la nueva ley orgánica de salud sexual y reproductiva y de la interrupción voluntaria del embarazo en nuestro país, que entre otros cambios nos permite realizar interrupciones de embarazo a partir de las 22 semanas en determinados supuestos. Este cambio ha provocado que se planteen nuevos protocolos para el manejo de las interrupciones de embarazo tardías. En la mayoría de centros autorizados para la realización de interrupciones de embarazo de nuestro país abogan por un tratamiento médico, especialmente en aquellas gestaciones que superan las 12 semanas. Después de realizar una revisión de la literatura, hemos encontrado diferentes protocolos de actuación y dosis farmacológicas, especialmente en gestaciones avanzadas de tercer trimestre. Presentamos nuestro protocolo de interrupción de embarazo, fruto de nuestra experiencia asícomo resultado de la revisión de los protocolos y trabajos publicados(AU)

In March 2010 the new law on sexual and reproductive health and of the voluntary termination of pregnancy became effective in our country. Among other things this law allows us to carry out pregnancy terminations after the 22nd week of pregnancy under certain circumstances. This has meant that new guidelines for the management of late pregnancy terminations have had to be introduced. In the majority of centers in our country that are allowed to practice pregnancy terminations medical treatment is the first option, especially in those cases that do exceed the 12th week. After reviewing the literature, we have found varying guidelines and drug doses, particularly in third trimester advanced pregnancies. We present our guidelines for pregnancy termination based on our clinical experience and a review of published guidelines and medical studies(AU)

10 años de experiencia en diagnóstico prenatal invasivo en el Instituto Dexeus / Invasive prenatal diagnostic practice: a review of a ten years experience at Dexeus Institut

Objetivos. Describir nuestra experiencia en la realización y resultados de las técnicas invasivas (TI) de diagnóstico prenatal (DP). Métodos. Se trata de un estudio descriptivo retrospectivo de las pacientes sometidas a una TI de DP desde enero de 1999 a diciembre de 2008, incluyendo todos los casos consecutivos de biopsia corial (BC) y amniocentesis (AC) genéticas. Resultados. Hemos analizado un total de 9.340 TI (8.928 AC y 412 BC). La edad gestacional ha sido de 15,9 (rango 10-38) y 11,6 (rango 9-16) semanas, respectivamente. Las principales indicaciones de referencia son la edad materna avanzada y la ansiedad. El porcentaje de cultivos no informativos ha sido de 0,49% para BC y 0,1% para AC. Se han diagnosticado un total de 380 anomalías cromosómicas (4,1%), 269 clínicamente relevantes. El valor predictivo positivo (VPP) para cromosomopatía relevante es del 2,9% (2,14% en la serie de AC y 19,6% en la serie de BC). El mayor VPP se obtiene ante las indicaciones de referencia ecográficas. Se han recogido un total de 88 complicaciones atribuibles a la TI (0,94%), con una tasa de pérdida fetal pos-procedimiento del 0,6%. La tasa de pérdida gestacional es del 0,9% (0,8% en la serie de AC y 4,3% en BC). Cuando analizamos los aspectos relacionados con la tasa de complicaciones y pérdidas fetales pos-procedimiento, únicamente el n.° de fetos, aspecto del LA, la indicación de la TI y la experiencia del operador son factores significativos. Conclusiones. El seguimiento y monitorización de las TI de DP constituye un primer paso en el proceso de control de calidad, recientemente introducido en la práctica médica en el área del diagnóstico prenatal(AU)

Objective. To describe invasive prenatal diagnostic practice in a single-center over a 10-years period. Methods. Included in this study were all consecutive pregnancies with genetic amniocentesis (AC) or chorionic villous sampling (CVS) procedure done during the period January 1999-December 2008. Results. A total of 8928 AC and 412 CVS were performed. Main indications for referral were increased maternal age and anxiety. The mean gestational age in which the procedure was done was 15,9 weeks (range 10-38) in AC and 11,6 weeks (range 9-16) in CVS. In this series, 380 cases of chromosome abnormalities (CA) were detectable by conventional cytogenetic analysis (4,1%), 269 of them considered clinically significant. The positive predictive value (PPV) for significant CA was 2,9%, 2,1% and 19,6% in the overall, AC and CVS group, respectively. The highest PPV were obtained for sonographic referral indications. A total of 88 complications during the 4 weeks’ period after the procedure were register (0,94%). The post procedural loss rate was 0,6% (0,4% after AC and 4,1% after CVS), 0,3% in singles and 1,6% in twin pregnancies AC group. The overall loss rate was 0,9% (0,8% in AC group, 4,3% in CVS group). There was a significant correlation between post procedure complications and number of fetuses, technical aspects (dark amniotic fluid), indications for referral and operator's experience. Conclusions. Monitoring of prenatal diagnostic invasive tests is the first step in the process of quality control, recently introduced into medical practice in the area of prenatal diagnosis(AU)