La figura de facilitación de acceso a la justicia. Comparación internacional de un reto formativo / Intermediaries in Access to Justice. International Comparison of a Training Challenge

El facilitador es un profesional que posibilita el ejercicio del derecho de acceso a la justicia a las personas con discapacidad intelectual y del desarrollo, favoreciendo los principios de equidad, participación, accesibilidad y autodeterminación. En el presente estudio, se realiza una revisión bibliográfica para determinar la presencia de esta figura en el panorama internacional y su perfil formativo. En el derecho internacional, actualmente, podemos encontrarla en algunos países nórdicos, Reino Unido, Israel, Azerbaiyán, Taiwán, Sudáfrica, Kenia, Canadá, varios estados de EE. UU., México y Chile, así como en parte del territorio australiano y Nueva Zelanda. En España, la figura aparece en la última reforma de la legislación civil y procesal (Ley 8/2021, de 2 de junio). En su perfil formativo encontramos tanto la educación formal como no formal de estos profesionales. El perfil del facilitador habrá de ajustarse a las necesidades de las personas con discapacidad intelectual y del desarrollo y del contexto que requiera la facilitación. (AU)

Intermediaries are professionals who enable the effective right of access to justice for people with intellectual and developmental disabilities, ensuring principles of equity, participation, accessibility and self-determination for them. This paper analyzes the presence and formative background of this figure from an international comparative perspective. Nowadays, we can find these professionals in the international law across different countries: some Nordic countries, United Kingdom, Israel, Azerbaijan, Taiwan, South Africa, Kenya, Canada, part of the USA, Mexico and Chile, Australia and New Zealand. In Spain, intermediaries are considered in the latest reform of the civil and procedural legislation (Law 8/2021, June the 2nd). This paper analyzes the formative background of this figure from an international comparative perspective. We find both formal and non-formal education in the background of these professionals. There is no doubt their profile must adjust to the needs of people with intellectual and developmental disabilities and the contexts that require the facilitation. (AU)

Phylogeography and invasion history of Aedes aegypti, the Dengue and Zika mosquito vector in Cape Verde islands (West Africa).

Aedes-borne arboviruses have spread globally with outbreaks of vast impact on human populations and health systems. The West African archipelago of Cape Verde had its first outbreak of Dengue in 2009, at the time the largest recorded in Africa, and was one of the few African countries affected by the Zika virus epidemic. Aedes aegypti was the mosquito vector involved in both outbreaks. We performed a phylogeographic and population genetics study of A. aegypti in Cape Verde in order to infer the geographic origin and evolutionary history of this mosquito. These results are discussed with respect to the implications for vector control and prevention of future outbreaks. Mosquitoes captured before and after the Dengue outbreak on the islands of Santiago, Brava, and Fogo were analyzed with two mitochondrial genes COI and ND4, 14 microsatellite loci and five kdr mutations. Genetic variability was comparable to other African populations. Our results suggest that A. aegypti invaded Cape Verde at the beginning of the Holocene from West Africa. Given the historic importance of Cape Verde in the transatlantic trade of the 16th-17th centuries, a possible contribution to the genetic pool of the founding populations in the New World cannot be fully discarded. However, contemporary gene flow with the Americas is likely to be infrequent. No kdr mutations associated with pyrethroid resistance were detected. The implications for vector control and prevention of future outbreaks are discussed.