Early microvascular changes in patients with prediabetes evaluated by optical coherence tomography angiography.

BACKGROUND: Timely detection of early microvascular changes in patients with prediabetes could help reduce the likelihood of progression of diabetes-related retinal complications. AIM: To determine early microvascular changes in patients with prediabetes using optical coherence tomography angiography (OCT-A). METHODS: In this single-center retrospective case-control study, macular OCT-A images of superficial capillary plexus (SCP) and deep capillary plexus (DCP) were analyzed in non-diabetic controls, and prediabetic and diabetic subjects. A quantitative analysis was performed using ImageJ software of the foveal avascular zone (FAZ) area, acircularity index (AI), perfusion density (PD), and vascular length density (VLD). RESULTS: A total of 94 eyes of 53 patients were included in this study. The global mean age was 57.7 years, 39.6% men and 60.4% women. In SCP, the mean PD was 0.283 ± 0.15, 0.186 ± 0.720, and 0.186 ± 0.07 in non-diabetic controls, and prediabetic and diabetic groups, respectively. The mean VLD was 8.728 ± 3.425 in non-diabetic controls, 6.147 ± 1.399 in prediabetic group, and 6.292 ± 1.997 in patients with diabetes. The comparison of prediabetic patients and controls shows statistical differences between PD and VLD in both plexus SCP (p = 0.002 and p = 0.001, respectively) and DCP (p = 0.005 and p = 0.002, respectively). The mean area of FAZ in patients with diabetes and normal individuals was 0.281 and 0.196 mm2, respectively (p < 0.001). AI was higher in the control group (0.87 ± 0.14) and prediabetic group (0.80 ± 0.17) compared to diabetic patients (0.64 ± 0.19). There were no differences in FAZ area and AI between prediabetic and non-diabetic controls. CONCLUSION: PD and VLD demonstrated to be early microvascular changes in prediabetic patients evaluated by OCT-A. No alterations of FAZ were evidenced in this group.

Hallazgos histopatológicos y malignidad de masas suprarrenales en un centro de patología y citología en Bucaramanga, Santander entre 2007 y 2019 / Histopathological findings and malignancy of adrenal masses in a pathology and cytology center in Bucaramanga, Santander between 2007 and 2019 / Achados histopatológicos e malignidade de massas adrenais em um centro de patologia e citologia em Bucaramanga, Santander entre 2007 e 2019

Introducción. Las masas encontradas en la glándula suprarrenal pueden clasificarse de acuerdo con su origen, comportamiento, localización, función y forma de diagnóstico. En Colombia no existen datos suficientes que describan la frecuencia y las principales características histopatológicas de dichas lesiones. El objetivo del presente manuscrito es describir los principales hallazgos histopatológicos y la malignidad de las masas suprarrenales en un centro médico especializado en patología de Bucaramanga, Santander. Metodología. Estudio descriptivo y retrospectivo. Se revisaron patologías de pacientes de todas las edades con alteraciones histopatológicas en la glándula suprarrenal, en un centro médico de Bucaramanga, Santander. Resultados. Se revisaron 79 patologías suprarrenales de las cuales 39 presentaron lesión a nivel de la glándula suprarrenal, la lesión más frecuente encontrada fue la metástasis (28.2%), y la localización de lesión más frecuente se evidenció en la glándula derecha (62.1%). Conclusión. Es fundamental que se realicen estudios prospectivos que permitan obtener datos epidemiológicos con el fin de generar datos locales.

Introduction. Masses found in the adrenal gland can be classified according to their origin, behavior, location, function and manner of diagnosis. In Colombia there are insufficient data describing the frequency and main histopathological characteristics of these lesions. The aim of this manuscript is to describe the main histopathological findings and malignancy of adrenal masses in a medical center specialized in pathology in Bucaramanga, Santander. Methodology. Descriptive and retrospective study. Pathologies of patients of all ages with histopathologic alterations in the adrenal gland were reviewed in a medical center in Bucaramanga, Santander. Results. Seventy-nine adrenal pathologies were reviewed, of which 39 showed adrenal gland lesions. The most frequent lesion found was metastasis (28.2 %), and the most frequent location of the lesion was in the right gland (62.1 %). Conclusion. It is essential that prospective studies be carried out to obtain epidemiological data in order to generate local data

Introdução. As massas encontradas na glândula adrenal podem ser classificadas de acordo com a sua origem, comportamento, localização, função e forma de diagnóstico. Na Colômbia, não há dados suficientes que descrevam a frequência e as principais características histopatológicas dessas lesões. O objetivo deste artigo é descrever os principais achados histopatológicos e a malignidade das massas adrenais em um centro médico especializado em patologia em Bucaramanga, Santander. Metodologia. Estudo descritivo e retrospectivo. Foram analisadas patologias de pacientes de todas as idades com alterações histopatológicas na glândula adrenal, em um centro médico em Bucaramanga, Santander. Resultados. Foram revisadas 79 patologias adrenais, das quais 39 apresentavam lesão em glândula adrenal, a lesão mais frequente encontrada foi metástase (28.2%), e o local mais frequente de lesão foi evidenciado na glândula direita (62.1%). Conclusão. É imprescindível a realização de estudos prospectivos para obtenção de dados epidemiológicos a fim de gerar dados locais.

Prevalence of high-risk human papilloma virus infection and abnormal cytology of the anal transformation zone in women with cervical dysplasia. Bogotá, Colombia, 2017-2019 / Prevalencia de infección por virus del papiloma humano de alto riesgo y citología anormal en la zona de transformación anal en mujeres con displasia cervical. bogotá, colombia, 2017-2019

RESUMEN Objetivo: Establecer la prevalencia de infección anal por virus de papiloma humano de alto riesgo (VPH- AR) y citología anal anormal en mujeres con displasia cervical confirmada. Materiales y métodos: Estudio de corte transversal que incluyó pacientes entre 30 y 65 años con diagnóstico nuevo de displasia cervical por histopatología, en dos unidades de colposcopia y patología del tracto genital inferior (una de carácter público y otra privada) entre diciembre de 2017 y abril de 2019. Se excluyeron mujeres con infección por virus de inmunodeficiencia humana (VIH), inmuno compromiso (uso de esteroides, trasplante, quimioterapia), en embarazo o con malformaciones anorrectales. Muestreo consecutivo. Se evaluaron variables sociodemográficas, tipo de relaciones sexuales, el grado de displasia cervical, resultado positivo de prueba de reacción en cadena de la polimerasa para VPH de alto riesgo en canal anal y tipo de VPH-AR identificado (16-18 u otro). Se utilizó estadística descriptiva. Resultados: De 188 candidatas a ingresar se incluyeron 100 pacientes en el análisis, se encontró unaprevalencia de 32 % de infección por VPH de alto riesgo y de 2,8 % de citología anal anormal (ASCUS) en el canal anal. El 68,8 % de las infecciones por VPH-AR en el canal anal correspondió a genotipos de VPH-AR diferentes a 16 o 18. Conclusiones: La prevalencia de infección anal por VPH-AR en mujeres con displasia cervical fue del 32 %. Es importante determinar la utilidad del tamizaje del compromiso de la mucosa anal por virus VPH de alto riesgo de cáncer en mujeres con displasia cervical. Se requieren estudios sobre el pronóstico de la infección anal por VPH-AR en las mujeres con displasia cervical.

ABSTRACT Objective: To determine the prevalence of anal infection caused by high risk human papilloma virus (HR-HPV) and of abnormal anal cytology in women with confirmed cervical dysplasia. Materials and methods: Cross sectional study that included patients between 30 and 65 years of age with a new diagnosis of cervical dysplasia by histopathology attended in two lower genital tract colposcopy and pathology units (one public and one private institution), conducted between December 2017 and April 2019. Women with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, immune compromise (use of steroids, transplant, chemo therapy), pregnancy or anorectal malformations were excluded. Consecutive sampling. Socio demographic variables, intercourse type, degree of cervical dysplasia, positive results of HR HPV Polymerase Chain Reaction test in anal canal and HR - HPV type indentified (16-18 or others) were evaluated. Descriptive statistics were used. Results: Of 188 candidates, 100 were included in the analysis. A 32 % prevalence of high-risk HPV infection and a 2.8 % prevalence of abnormal cytology in the anal canal (ASCUS) were found. Of the HR-HPV infections in the anal canal, 68.8 % corresponded to HR-HPV genotypes different from 16 or 18. Conclusions: Prevalence of HR HPV infection in women with lower genital tract dysplasia was 32%. It is important to determine the usefulness of screening for anal mucosa compromise by HPV virus associated with a high risk of cancer in women with cervical dysplasia. Studies are needed on the prognosis of anal HR-HPV infection in women with cervical dysplasia.

Prevalence of high-risk human papilloma virus infection and abnormal cytology of the anal transformation zone in women with cervical dysplasia. Bogotá, Colombia, 2017-2019.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the prevalence of anal infection caused by high risk human papilloma virus (HR-HPV) and of abnormal anal cytology in women with confirmed cervical dysplasia. METHODS: Cross sectional study that included patients between 30 and 65 years of age with a new diagnosis of cervical dysplasia by histopathology attended in two lower genital tract colposcopy and pathology units (one public and one private institution), conducted between December 2017 and April 2019. Women with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, immune compromise (use of steroids, transplant, chemo therapy), pregnancy or anorectal malformations were excluded. Consecutive sampling. Socio demographic variables, intercourse type, degree of cervical dysplasia, positive results of HR HPV Polymerase Chain Reaction test in anal canal and HR - HPV type indentified (16-18 or others) were evaluated. Descriptive statistics were used. RESULTS: Of 188 candidates, 100 were included in the analysis. A 32 % prevalence of high-risk HPV infection and a 2.8 % prevalence of abnormal cytology in the anal canal (ASCUS) were found. Of the HR-HPV infections in the anal canal, 68.8 % corresponded to HR-HPV genotypes different from 16 or 18. CONCLUSIONS: Prevalence of HR HPV infection in women with lower genital tract dysplasia was 32%. It is important to determine the usefulness of screening for anal mucosa compromise by HPV virus associated with a high risk of cancer in women with cervical dysplasia. Studies are needed on the prognosis of anal HR-HPV infection in women with cervical dysplasia.

TITULO: PREVALENCIA DE INFECCIÓN POR VIRUS DEL PAPILOMA HUMANO DE ALTO RIESGO Y CITOLOGÍA ANORMAL EN LA ZONA DE TRANSFORMACIÓN ANAL EN MUJERES CON DISPLASIA CERVICAL. BOGOTÁ, COLOMBIA, 2017-2019. OBJETIVO: Establecer la prevalencia de infección anal por virus de papiloma humano de alto riesgo (VPH- AR) y citología anal anormal en mujeres con displasia cervical confirmada. METODOS: Estudio de corte transversal que incluyó pacientes entre 30 y 65 años con diagnóstico nuevo de displasia cervical por histopatología, en dos unidades de colposcopia y patología del tracto genital inferior (una de carácter público y otra privada) entre diciembre de 2017 y abril de 2019. Se excluyeron mujeres con infección por virus de inmunodeficiencia humana (VIH), inmuno compromiso (uso de esteroides, trasplante, quimioterapia), en embarazo o con malformaciones anorrectales. Muestreo consecutivo. Se evaluaron variables sociodemográficas, tipo de relaciones sexuales, el grado de displasia cervical, resultado positivo de prueba de reacción en cadena de la polimerasa para VPH de alto riesgo en canal anal y tipo de VPH-AR identificado (16-18 u otro). Se utilizó estadística descriptiva. RESULTADOS: De 188 candidatas a ingresar se incluyeron 100 pacientes en el análisis, se encontró unaprevalencia de 32 % de infección por VPH de alto riesgo y de 2,8 % de citología anal anormal (ASCUS) en el canal anal. El 68,8 % de las infecciones por VPH-AR en el canal anal correspondió a genotipos de VPH-AR diferentes a 16 o 18. CONCLUSIONES: La prevalencia de infección anal por VPH-AR en mujeres con displasia cervical fue del 32 %. Es importante determinar la utilidad del tamizaje del compromiso de la mucosa anal por virus VPH de alto riesgo de cáncer en mujeres con displasia cervical. Se requieren estudios sobre el pronóstico de la infección anal por VPH-AR en las mujeres con displasia cervical.

[Left ventricular synchrony with septum stimulation vs. septal ventricular outflow tract in complete atrioventricular block]. / Sincronía del ventrículo izquierdo con estimulación del septum contra tracto de salida en bloqueo auriculoventricular.

BACKGROUND: Placing the right ventricular pacing electrode in different places than the apex is less deleterious to the ejection fraction and left ventricular synchrony. Currently it is not defined which non apical site is better alternative. The aim of this paper was to determine if there is a difference in systolic function and left ventricular synchrony with stimulation of medial septum or outflow tract of the right ventricle in patients with atrioventricular block and pacemaker device. METHODS: This was an observational analytical cross study. The patients included in this study were the population over 18 years old, diagnosed with atrioventricular block and pacemaker device. Two groups were divided according to the site of electrode placement whether in medial septum region or outflow tract of the right ventricle. The ejection fraction and left ventricular synchrony was determined by echocardiogram. RESULTS: 54 patients were included in each group, with similar demographic characteristics, except for the time of placement of ventricular electrode (p = < 0.001). No significant difference in ejection fraction or left ventricular synchrony was found. CONCLUSIONS: There were no differences in ejection fraction or left ventricular synchrony regardless of the ventricular electrode placement.

Introducción: el objetivo del presente estudio fue determinar si existe diferencia en la función sistólica y la sincronía del ventrículo izquierdo con estimulación del septum medio o tracto de salida del ventrículo derecho en pacientes con bloqueo auriculoventricular portadores de marcapaso. Métodos: estudio observacional, analítico, transversal. Se seleccionaron todos los pacientes mayores de 18 años portadores de marcapaso con diagnóstico de bloqueo auriculoventricular. Se analizaron dos grupos acorde al sitio de colocación del electrodo de estimulación en región septal media o tracto de salida del ventrículo derecho. Se determinó la fracción de expulsión y sincronía del ventrículo izquierdo. Resultados: se incluyeron 54 pacientes por cada grupo, siendo las características de ambos similares, excepto el tiempo de colocación del electrodo de estimulación ventricular (p = < 0.001). No hubo diferencia significativa en la fracción de expulsión o sincronía del ventrículo izquierdo. Conclusiones: no se encontró diferencia en la fracción de expulsión o sincronía del ventrículo izquierdo independientemente del sitio de colocación del electrodo de estimulación.

Memorias Simposio Actualización Endocrinología Médicas UIS 2015 / 2015 Médicas UIS Endocrinology Actualization Symposium Memories

La insuficiencia Adrenal es una enfermedad caracterizada por alteración de la función suprarrenal, se puede clasificar de varias formas, pero sinimportar cuál sea el tipo de insuficiencia, está claro que su principalproblema es la alteración de la secreción de cortisol, Hormona importante para las situaciones de estrés que nuestro organismo, si no está en valoresadecuados, puede llevar a la persona a un desenlace fatal. En cuanto a lacrisis adrenal lo más importante es saberla identificar y actuar inmediatamente y de forma adecuada para prevenir la morbimortalidad. De acuerdo al tipo de insuficiencia adrenal al que nos estemos enfrentando vamos a tener diferentes alteraciones hormonales y diferencias en algunas de sus manifestaciones clínicas, como ocurre en la Enfermedad de Addison, el único cuadro clínico acompañado dehiperpigmentación y que también puede tener alteración de los mineralocorticoides asociados a algunas características como perdida de lalibido, entre otras. Acerca del diagnóstico es muy importante que seaoportuno, adecuado y que se establezca la causa de enfermedad. Eltratamiento debe ir orientado según el cuadro clínico del paciente...

Adrenal insufficiency is a condition characterized by impaired adrenalfunction, it can be classified in various ways, but no matter what kind offailure it is clear that their main problem is the altered secretion of cortisol,an important hormone for stress our body, if not in proper values, can takethe person to a fatal outcome. Regarding the adrenal crisis mostimportantly know it identify and act immediately and appropriately toprevent morbidity and mortality. According to the type of adrenalinsufficiency that we’re facing are going to have different hormonalDEPARTAMENTO DE POSIBILIDADES EDITORIALESREVISTA MÉDICAS UISchanges and differences in some clinical manifestations, as in Addison’sdisease, the only clinical accompanied by hyperpigmentation and may alsohave impaired the mineralocorticoid associated with some features suchas loss of libido, among others. About the diagnosis is very important thatappropriate, adequate and that the cause of disease is established.Treatment should be oriented according to the clinical picture of thepatient...

Microfabricated gas chromatograph for rapid, trace-level determinations of gas-phase explosive marker compounds.

A prototype microfabricated gas chromatograph (µGC) adapted specifically for the rapid determination of selected gas-phase marker compounds of the explosive 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) at sub-parts-per-billion (

Hybrid preconcentrator/focuser module for determinations of explosive marker compounds with a micro-scale gas chromatograph.

This article describes the development and characterization of a partially selective preconcentrator/focuser (PCF) module for a field-portable micro-scale gas chromatograph (µGC) designed to rapidly determine trace levels of two vapor-phase markers of the explosive trinitrotoluene (TNT): 2,3-dimethyl-2,3-dinitrobutane (DMNB) and 2,4-dinitrotoluene (2,4-DNT). The PCF module has three primary components. The first is a high-volume sampler, comprising a resistively-heated 6-cm long stainless steel tube packed with tandem beds of the graphitized carbons Carbopack B (C-B, 30 mg) and Carbopack Y (C-Y, 15 mg), which traps the markers but permits more volatile interferences to pass through largely unretained. The second component is a microfocuser (µF), comprising a 4.2×9.8 mm Si chip containing a deep-reactive-ion-etched (DRIE) cavity packed with 2mg of C-B, a Pyrex cap, integrated heaters, and etched fluidic channels. The third component is a commercial polymer-membrane filter used as a pre-trap to remove particles and adsorbed low volatility interferences. Markers captured in the sampler are thermally desorbed and transferred to the µF, and then thermally desorbed/injected from the µF into a downstream separation (micro)column and detected. Scrubbed ambient air is used as carrier gas. The adsorbent capacities, baseline temperatures, sampling and desorption flow rates, and heating profiles were optimized for each PCF module component while minimizing the analysis time. An overall transfer efficiency of 86% was achieved at marker concentrations of ~0.2-2.6 ppb. In the final configuration the PCF module requires just 60s to collect a 1-L sample (3 L/min), focus (40 mL/min), and inject the markers (3 mL/min), producing half-maximum injection peak widths of ~2 and 5 s, and preconcentration factors of 4500 and 1800, for DMNB and 2,4-DNT, respectively.

Comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatographic separations with a microfabricated thermal modulator.

Rapid, comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatographic (GC × GC) separations by use of a microfabricated midpoint thermal modulator (µTM) are demonstrated, and the effects of various µTM design and operating parameters on performance are characterized. The two-stage µTM chip consists of two interconnected spiral etched-Si microchannels (4.2 and 2.8 cm long) with a cross section of 250 × 140 µm(2), an anodically bonded Pyrex cap, and a cross-linked wall coating of poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS). Integrated heaters provide rapid, sequential heating of each µTM stage, while a proximate, underlying thermoelectric cooler provides continual cooling. The first-dimension column used for GC × GC separations was a 6 m long, 250 µm i.d. capillary with a PDMS stationary phase, and the second-dimension column was a 0.5 m long, 100 µm i.d. capillary with a poly(ethylene glycol) phase. Using sets of five to seven volatile test compounds (boiling point ≤174 °C), the effects of the minimum (T(min)) and maximum (T(max)) modulation temperature, stage heating lag/offset (O(s)), modulation period (P(M)), and volumetric flow rate (F) on the quality of the separations were evaluated with respect to several performance metrics. Best results were obtained with a T(min) = -20 °C, T(max) = 210 °C, O(s) = 600 ms, P(M) = 6 s, and F = 0.9 mL/min. Replicate modulated peak areas and retention times were reproducible to <5%. A structured nine-component GC × GC chromatogram was produced, and a 21 component separation was achieved in <3 min. The potential for creating portable µGC × µGC systems is discussed.

Evaluation of a microfabricated thermal modulator for comprehensive two-dimensional microscale gas chromatography.

A microfabricated thermal modulator (µTM) designed for ultimate use in a comprehensive two-dimensional microscale gas chromatography (µGC × µGC) system is evaluated. The 2-stage device measures 13 mm (l) × 6 mm (w) × 0.5 mm (h) and consists of two interconnected serpentine etched-Si microchannels suspended from a thin Pyrex cap and wall-coated with PDMS (polydimethylsiloxane). The chip is mounted within a few tens of micrometers of a thermoelectric cooler that maintains both stages at a baseline temperature between -35 and -20 °C in order to focus analytes eluting from an upstream separation column. Each stage is heated to 210 °C sequentially at a rate as high as 2400 °C/s by independent thin-film resistors to inject the analytes in consecutive fractions to a downstream column, and then cooled at a rate as high as -168 °C/s. The average power dissipation is only ∼10 W for heating and 21 W for cooling without using consumable materials. In this study, the outlet of the µTM is connected directly to a flame ionization detector to assess its performance. Following a demonstration of basic operation, the modulated peak amplitude enhancement (PAE) and full-width-at-half-maximum (fwhm) are evaluated for members of a series of n-alkanes (C(6)-C(10)) as a function of the rim and stage temperatures; modulation period, phase, and offset; analyte concentration; and carrier-gas flow rate. A PAE as high as 50 and a fwhm as narrow as 90 ms are achieved for n-octane under optimized conditions.

Multi-stage preconcentrator/focuser module designed to enable trace level determinations of trichloroethylene in indoor air with a microfabricated gas chromatograph.

This article describes the development and characterization of a multi-stage preconcentrator/focuser (PCF) module designed to be integrated with a microfabricated gas chromatograph (µGC) for autonomous, in situ determinations of volatile organic compounds. The PCF module has been optimized specifically for the determination of trichloroethylene (TCE) vapors at low- or sub-parts-per-billion concentrations in the presence of common indoor air co-contaminants in residences at risk of vapor intrusion (VI) from surrounding TCE-contaminated soil. It consists of three adsorbent-packed devices arranged in series: a pre-trap of conventional (tubular metal) design for capturing interferences with vapor pressures <3 torr; a high-volume sampler, also of conventional design, for capturing (and transferring) TCE and other compounds with vapor pressures within the range of ~3 to 95 torr; and a microfocuser (µF) consisting of a micromachined Si chamber with an integrated microheater for focusing and injecting samples into the separation module. The adsorbent masses, sampling and desorption flow rates, and heating profiles required for selective, quantitative capture and transfer/injection of TCE are determined for each of the devices, and the assembled PCF module is used to analyze a test atmosphere containing 200 parts-per-trillion of TCE and 27 relevant co-contaminants with a conventional downstream capillary column and electron-capture detector. An average TCE transfer efficiency of 107% is achieved for a 20 L air sample, with a preconcentration factor of ~800,000.

Tuberculosis en pacientes con infección por VIH en el Hospital Universitario de San Ignacio, 2002-2006 / Tuberculosis in patients with HIV infection at the Hospital Universitario de San Ignacio, 2002-2006

Introducción. La prevalencia de coinfección por VIH y tuberculosis es alta en los países en vías de desarrollo. El objetivo del estudio fue describir la incidencia, las características clínicas, el tratamiento y el resultado del mismo en pacientes con coinfección por tuberculosis y VIH/sida en el Hospital Universitario de SanIgnacio en Bogotá, Colombia, durante los años 2002 a 2006. Materiales y métodos. Se seleccionaron pacientes con coinfección VIH/sida y tuberculosis. La revisión de las historias clínicas se hizo mediante un instrumento diseñado para la recolección de variables demográficas, clínicas, radiográficas y de la respuesta al tratamiento antituberculoso y antirretroviral. Resultados. Se identificaron 24 pacientes en el programa, de los cuales, 79% eran hombres, con una edad promedio de 30 años. La incidencia anual osciló entre 0,62% y 3,5%. La principal forma de diagnóstico fue por anatomía patológica, en 63% de los casos. Se identificó tuberculosis pulmonar en 37%, extrapulmonar en 42% y diseminada en 21%. El recuento de CD4 en el momento del diagnóstico fue inferior a 200 en 79% de las ocasiones, con un promedio de 113 por mm³. A todos los pacientes se les suministró tratamiento antituberculoso con cuatro medicamentos y se registró una mortalidad de 20% en el grupo de pacientes con seguimiento completo. La mortalidad no se modificó sino a partir del segundo mes de tratamiento (p < 0,04). Discusión y conclusiones. La mortalidad en pacientes con coinfección por tuberculosis y VIH fue alta, con un diagnóstico complicado debido a la baja sensibilidad de la baciloscopia de esputo y del cultivo. Es posible que se requieran medidas de quimioprevención en pacientes con recuentos de CD4 menores de 200.

Background HIV and tuberculosis coinfection prevalence is high in developing countries. The objective of the present study was to describe the incidence, clinical characteristics, treatment and the clinical outcomes in patients with HIV/aids and tuberculosis coinfection at the Hospital Universitario de San Ignacio in Bogotá Colombia, between the years 2002 and 2006. Materials and methods.We selected patients with HIV/aids and tuberculosis coinfection and reviewed the medical charts. Data was collected using a sheet for demographic, clinical and radiographical information, and outcomes of the antituberculous and antiretroviral treatment. Results 24 patients were identified, 79% were male, with an average age of 30 years. Annual incidence had a range between 0.62% and 3.5%. The main diagnostic method was pathological results in 63% of the cases. The anatomical localization was pulmonary in 37%, extrapulmonary in 42% and milliary in 21%. The CD4 count was less than 200 in 79% of the cases, and the average CD4 count was 113 cells per mm3. All the patients had antituberculous treatment with four drugs and the mortality was 20% for the group of patients with a complete follow up. Mortality was not modified until the second month of treatment ( p < 0.04). Discussion and conclusions. Mortality in patients with tuberculosis was high and the diagnosis was difficult due to the low sensitivity of sputum smear and Mycobacterium culture. Patients with CD4 count less than 200 may require chemoprophylaxis.