Sports injuries and ill-health episodes in the Cali 2013 World Games.

BACKGROUND: The World Games is a multisport event, second in importance only to the Olympic Games. Systematic surveillance of injuries and ill-health episodes is an essential part of modern integral healthcare given to athletes. AIM: To describe and analyse injuries and ill-health episodes affecting competitors during the Cali World Games 2013. METHODS: This is a cross-sectional study of injuries and ill-health episodes suffered by competing athletes. Entries to the registry were systematically recorded by official doctors and medical staff at the Games, and included attention to emergencies at the sport venues and data of reports received from health facilities around the city. RESULTS: In all, 2824 athletes, 1216 women and 1608 men, participated in the 2013 Cali World Games. There were 88 injuries and 29 ill-health episodes, for an overall incidence of 31.2 injuries and 10.3 ill-health episodes per 1000 athletes, over an 11 day period. The highest incidence of sport associated injuries affected jiu-jitsu athletes. Hands were the most common site of injury. Injury rates for men and women were 35.5 and 25.5/1000 athletes, respectively, (RR=1.41, 95% CI 0.90 to 2.19, p=0.066). National delegations with less than 25 athletes suffered more injuries compared to larger delegations, with 40.9 vs 29.2 injuries per 1000 athletes (RR 1.4, 95% CI 0.85 to 2.30, p=0.12). The gastrointestinal system was the most affected by illness. The sport where most competitors suffered ill-health episodes was softball. The rate of ill-health episodes in women was 15/1000, and for men 6.8/1000 athletes (RR=2.16, 95% CI 1.03 to 4.56, p=0.038). CONCLUSIONS: 3.1% of the athletes had sport-related injuries, and 1% had at least one episode of ill health. These are low numbers compared to other multisport events such as the Olympic Games. Men had a higher incidence of injuries, and women a higher incidence of episodes of ill health. Future World Games should improve data-collection strategies and develop preventive measures accordingly.

Desarrollo anguaar y rotacional de los miembrosinferiores en escolares entre 33 y 10 años. estudio de dos poblaciones diferentes / 3- to 10-year-old schoolchildren's angular and rotational lower limb development: a study of two different populations

Antecedentes. Las alteraciones rotacionales y angulares son causa frecuente de consulta ortopédica infantil. El alineamiento de los miembros inferiores es un proceso dinámico, variable con la edad, hasta hacerse similar al adulto aproximadamente a los 10 años. Entre estas tenemos la persistencia de la anteversión femoral, aumento de la torsión tibial interna o externa, el genuvaru y el genu valgo. Objetivo Conocer los valores en el desarrollo rotacional y angular de los miembros inferiores en dos poblaciones diferentes socioculturalmente en Colombia. Materiales y métodos. Es un estudio de corte transversal, realizado en niños entre 3 y 10 años de colegios de Bogotá y Barranquilla. Se realizó la medición clínica de los ángulos de anteversión femoral, de rodilla, muslo pie, de marcha, las distancia intermaleolar e intercondílea; por dos evaluadores. Se seleccionó el 90% de los valores centrales como una aproximación al rango de referencia para esta población. Resultados. Se encontró un ángulo de marcha entre -5° y 8°, y ángulo muslo pie entre 0° y 15°. La distancia intermaleolar fue en promedio 2 cm y el ángulo de rodilla fue 8°, no encontrando relación de genu valgo con el género ni con el estado nutricional. La anteversión femoral también disminuyó con la edad, entre los 3 y 7 años fue 20° y en los mayores de 8 años de 15°. La rotación interna de cadera fue en promedio 60° y la rotación externa de 45°. En Barranquilla se observó un mayor valor de las medidas al compararlas con Bogotá. Discusión. Se encontró que el ángulo valgo de rodilla y la distancia intermaleolar disminuyen con la edad, así como la anteversión femoral, apreciando la edad límite de 8 años muy similar al adulto. El estudio sugiere algunas diferencias entre las 2 poblaciones estudiadas.

Background. Rotational and angular alterations are frequently the cause of children's orthopaedic consultation. The lower limbs' alignment is a dynamic process; it varies with age, becoming similar to that of an adult when a child is around 10 years of age. However, alterations involving femoral anteversion (leaning forward/), increased internal (foot pointing inwards) or external tibial torsion (pointing outwards), genu varum (bow legs) and genu valgum (knock knees) persist. Objective. Ascertaining values regarding lower limb rotational and angular development in two socio-culturally different populations in Colombia. Materials and Methods. This cross-sectional study involved children aged 3 to 10-years-old from schools in Bogotá and Barranquilla. Femoral anteversion, knee, thigh-foot and walking angles were clinically measured by two evaluators, as were intermalleolar and intercondylar distances. 90% of the central values were selected as an approximation to the reference range for this population. Results. A -5° to 8° walking angle and 0° to 15° thigh-foot angle were found. The average intermalleolar distance was 2 cm and knee angle was 8°; no relationship was found between genu valgum and gender or nutritional state. Femoral anteversion became reduced with age; it was 20° from 3 to 7 years and 15° in children aged older than 8 years. The hip's internal rotation was 60° on average and 45° for external rotation. Higher measurement values were observed in Barranquilla than in Bogotá. Discussion. It was found that the knee's valgum angle, femoral anteversion and intermalleolar distance became reduced with age, appreciating that an age limit of 8 years was very similar to that for adults. The study suggested several differences between both populations studied here.