ABSTRACT
Jumping to conclusions (JTC) has been questioned as sufficient cognitive bias for the onset, maintenance, and severity of delusions compared to the bias of inflexibility of beliefs. The WIT (What is this?) test was designed to evaluate JTC and its capacity for classifying participants into a group of patients with active schizophrenia and a comparison group. It was also attempted to determine whether the presence/absence of answer choices, considered a measure of induced inflexibility of beliefs, influences decision-making and is related to the tendency to repeat the first decision, or spontaneous inflexibility of beliefs. The sample was made up of 160 participants, 80 patients with schizophrenia diagnosed at hospital admission and 80 healthy controls. The Beads Task and the WIT test were administered. The WIT classified the participants reasonably well (82.7%) compared to the Beads Task (86.3%). The presence of answer choices favored JTC (d = 0.33), decreasing the number of lines necessary to make a decision (d = 1.78), and influencing keeping to the original answer (d = 1.36), in interaction with the group (d = 0.42). The WIT test overcame some limitations of the Beads Task. The presence/absence of answer choices influenced decision-making and how thinking was flexibilized, more clearly in the case of controls.
Subject(s)
Culture , Decision Making/physiology , Schizophrenia/diagnosis , Schizophrenic Psychology , Adolescent , Adult , Cross-Sectional Studies , Delusions/diagnosis , Delusions/psychology , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Photic Stimulation/methods , Thinking/physiology , Young AdultABSTRACT
El Programa de Enlace e Interconsultas de Salud Mental del Hospital Universitario "Virgen del Rocío" de Sevilla atiende a pacientes hospitalizados que presentan alteraciones emocionales que repercuten negativamente en su enfermedad (cáncer, dolor crónico, trasplante de órganos, enfermedades crónicas, etc.) e interfieren en su proceso de recuperación. Algunos/as de estos/as pacientes precisan atención psicoterapéutica tras el alta hospitalaria y una posible alternativa eficaz sería la aplicación del programa REBAP (Reducción del estrés basado en la Atención Plena). El principal objetivo del uso de este programa de tratamiento sería que los/as pacientes tomasen una respuesta emocional adaptativa ante la enfermedad orgánica que padecen, de modo que las alteraciones emocionales disminuyeran y dejaran de interferir en el curso de la enfermedad. El presente trabajo recoge los datos de un estudio piloto realizado con un grupo de pacientes a quienes se les aplicó el programa a lo largo de ocho sesiones usando un formato grupal. Los resultados obtenidos apuntan a que el programa REBAP es un instrumento útil para lograr que la sintomatología afectiva de los/as pacientes disminuya, puesto que consiguen preservar su autoestima y aceptar de forma más adaptativa las limitaciones derivadas de su enfermedad física
The Consultation-Liaison Mental Health program of the University Hospital "Virgen del Rocío", in Seville, assists to patients with emotional disturbances that negatively impact their illness (cancer, chronic pain, organ transplantation, chronic diseases, etc.) and interfere with their recovery process. Some patients require psychotherapeutic care after hospital discharge and a possible effective alternative would be the implementation of the MBSR (Mindfulness Based Stress Reduction) program. The main purpose of this treatment program would be that patients took an adaptive emotional response to the organic disease causing the reduction of the emotional disturbance and stopping the interference in the course of the disease. This paper provides data from a pilot study of a group of patients who were administered the program over eight group sessions. The results indicate that the program is useful to make affective symptomatology decrease, since patients get to preserve their self-esteem and accept in a more adaptively way the limitations imposed by his physical illness
