ABSTRACT
INTRODUCTION: Evidence about predictors of poor outcomes such as cerebral infarction (CI) after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH) has not been fully elucidated. EVIDENCE ACQUISITION: We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis on studies with adults with aSAH considering RCT and non-RCT, prospective, and retrospective cohort studies describing clinical, imaging as well as angiographic studies in patients with aSAH. EVIDENCE SYNTHESIS: After reviewing the complete text, 11 studies were considered eligible, out of which four were ruled out. Degree of clinical severity was the most predictive factor with a higher degree at the presentation on different severity scales being associated with a statistically significant increasing the risk of suffering a CI following aSAH (OR 2.49 [95% CI 1.38-4.49] P=0.0003). Aneurysm size increased the risk of CI (OR 1.49 [95% CI 1.20-1.85] P=0.0003; I2=4%). In six studies analyzed, it was found that an important factor for the subsequent development of CI is vasospasm (OR 7.62 [2.19, 26.54], P=0.0001). CONCLUSIONS: The development of vasospasm is a risk factor for CI development after aSAH. In our review, three factors were associated with an increased risk of CI: clinical severity at presentation, vasospasm, and aneurysm size. The major limitation of this meta-analysis is that included studies were conducted retrospectively or were post hoc analyses of a prospective trial.
Subject(s)
Subarachnoid Hemorrhage , Vasospasm, Intracranial , Adult , Humans , Subarachnoid Hemorrhage/complications , Retrospective Studies , Prospective Studies , Vasospasm, Intracranial/etiology , Cerebral Infarction/complicationsABSTRACT
OBJECTIVES: Systematically review the medical literature for the impact of beta-blockers on mortality and functional capacity in patients who suffered severe traumatic brain injury. DATA SOURCES: The search included MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Ovid Evidence-Based Medicine, clinical trial registries, and bibliographies. STUDY SELECTION: All articles that reported outcome in TBI patients treated with beta-blockers. DATA EXTRACTION: Publication year, number of patients, outcome and follow-up. We performed a meta-analysis for each variable for which there were sufficient data to estimate mean differences. DATA SYNTHESIS: 12 studies were included, which involved retrospectively and prospectively collected data on 14,057 patients. The treatment with beta-blockers was associated with a reduction in mortality in patients who were treated with beta-blockers compared to the control group (OR 0.40, 95% CI 0.30-0.54p = <0.00001), with acceptable heterogeneity between studies (I2 = 65% p = 0.00008). Beta-blocker therapy decreases the risk of negative neurological and functional outcomes (OR 0.59, 95% CI 0.38-0.92 p = <0.00001), a very high statistical heterogeneity between the included studies (I2 = 80% p = 0.00004), being able to influence the results. An increase in favorable neurological and functional outcomes is shown (OR 1.19, 95% CI 1.07-1.31 p = 0.001) with acceptable heterogeneity (I2 = 52% p = 0.08). CONCLUSIONS: The beta-blockers therapy is associated with significantly improves outcome in patients with TBI. Treatment with beta-blockers in patients with TBI is a promising frontier in neurotrauma. ABBREVIATIONS: CI: confidence interval; BB: Beta-Blockers; OR = odds ratio; TBI: Traumatic Brain Injury SD: Standard deviation; SNS: Sympathetic nervous system.
Subject(s)
Adrenergic beta-Antagonists/therapeutic use , Brain Injuries, Traumatic/diagnosis , Brain Injuries, Traumatic/drug therapy , Patient Acuity , Brain Injuries, Traumatic/epidemiology , Humans , Prospective Studies , Retrospective Studies , Treatment OutcomeABSTRACT
Resumen: Objetivo: revisar sistemáticamente la evidencia sobre la administración de progesterona tras un trauma craneoencefálico grave en adultos y su relación con mortalidad y pronóstico neurológico. Criterios de inclusión: ensayos clínicos aleatorizados que incluyan a pacientes adultos mayores de 18 años, haber sufrido un traumatismo craneal grave (Glasgow <8), donde se compare la administración de progesterona vs grupo control (placebo o no administración). Método: se realizó la búsqueda en las siguientes bases de datos: MEDLINE, the Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL); PubMed, HINARI, EMBASE; Cochrane Injuries group y lista de referencia de los artículos. Resultados: no hubo reducción de la mortalidad comparado con el grupo control (RR 0,93, IC95% 0,79-1,10 p= 0,41), no hubo diferencias entre progesterona y el grupo control en desenlaces neurológicos positivos ni negativos (RR 1,07, IC95% 0,97-1,17 p= 0,20; RR 0,94, IC 95% 0,81-1,08 p= 0,27), respectivamente. Conclusiones: no se encontró evidencia respecto a que la administración de progesterona posterior a un traumatismo craneoencefálico reduzca la mortalidad o mejore desenlaces neurológicos, aunque se necesitan más estudios de buena calidad para extraer conclusiones definitivas.
Summary: Objective: to systematically review evidence on the administration of progesterone after a traumatic brain injury in adults and its relationship with mortality and neurological head prognosis. Inclusion criteria: randomized clinical trials that include: patients older than 12 years old, having had an injury (Glasgow <8), comparing the administration of Progesterone versus the control group (placebo or no administration). Methods: we searched the following databases: MEDLINE, the Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL); PubMed, HINARI, EMBASE; Cochrane Injury Group and reference list of articles. Results: there was no reduction in mortality in patients in the control group (RR 0.93, 95% CI 0.79-1.10 p = 0.41), there were no differences between progesterone and the control group in favorable or adverse neurological outcomes (RR 1.07, 95% CI: 0.97-1.17 p = 0.20, RR 0.94, 95% CI: 0.81 -1,08 p= 0.27), respectively. Conclusions: there is no evidence that the administration of progesterone after a traumatic brain injury reduces or improves neurological results, although further good quality studies are required to obtain conclusive results.
Resumo: Objetivo: realizar uma revisão sistemática da evidência sobre a administração de progesterona depois de traumatismo crânio-encefálico grave em adultos e sua relação com a mortalidade e o prognóstico neurológico. Critérios de inclusão: ensaios clínicos aleatorizados que incluam: pacientes adultos maiores de 18 anos, haver sofrido um traumatismo craniano grave (Glasgow <8) donde se compare a administração de progesterona versus grupo controle (placebo ou não administração). Métodos: foi feita uma pesquisa bibliográfica nas seguintes bases de dados: MEDLINE, Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), PubMed, HINARI, EMBASE, Cochrane Injuries Group e nas referências bibliográficas dos artigos. Resultados: não foi observada uma redução da mortalidade comparada com o grupo controle (RR 0,93, IC del 95%: 0,79-1,10 p= 0,41), não foram observadas diferenças entre o grupo que recebeu progesterona e o grupo controle nos resultados neurológicos positivos ou negativos (RR 1,07, IC del 95%: 0,97-1,17 p= 0,20; RR 0,94, IC del 95%: 0,81-1,08 p= 0,27), respectivamente. Conclusões: não se encontrou evidência de que a administração de progesterona depois de um traumatismo crânio-encefálico reduza a mortalidade ou melhore os resultados neurológicos embora novos estudos de boa qualidade sejam necessários para chegar a conclusões definitivas.
