Effects of psychiatric symptoms, age, and gender on fear of missing out (FoMO) and problematic smartphone use: A path analysis with clinical-based adolescent sample.

Background: Fear of missing out (FoMO) is a kind of anxiety that arises from FoMO on rewarding online social experiences that others might be having. Recent studies demonstrated that there is a strong relationship between FoMO and problematic smartphone use (PSU). In this study, we aimed to address the relationship between age, gender, psychiatric symptoms, PSU, and FoMO among a clinical-based adolescent sample. Methods: In total, 197 adolescents (136 boys, 12-18 years) who applied to psychiatry clinics were recruited in the study. Path analysis with observed variables was used to investigate the relationships of PSU and FoMO with each other and with psychiatric symptoms (somatization, obsession-compulsion, interpersonal sensitivity, depression, anxiety, phobic anxiety, paranoid ideation, and psychoticism), age, and gender. Results: Path analysis showed that age (B1 = 2.35, P < 0.001), somatization (B1 = 1.19, P < 0.001), hostility (B1 = 0.92, P = 0.001), and paranoid ideation (B1 = 0.93, P = 0.005) have significant positive effect on PSU, when interpersonal sensitivity has a significant negative effect (B1 = -1.47, P < 0.001). For FoMO, male gender (B0 = 0.35, P < 0.001), anxiety (B1 = 1.37, P < 0.001), and PSU have positive effects, whereas age (B1 = -1.60, P < 0.001), depression (B1 = -0.58, P = 0.004), and hostility (B1 = -0.49, P = 0.001) have a negative effect. Conclusions: Our study demonstrated that although PSU and FoMO are closely related to each other in previous studies, they have different associations with age, gender, and psychiatric symptoms among a clinical-based adolescent sample. The positive effects of PSU, anxiety on FoMO are predictable; however, the negative effect of age, hostility, and depression on FoMO was interesting. These relationships could be related to social exclusion-hostility and impulsivity-male gender/younger age associations in adolescence. In addition, we did not find a significant effect of FoMO on PSU, this could be related to the social and non-social use of smartphones, and should be reevaluated in clinical samples in the future.

Clinical features of the diabetes eating problem survey-revised Turkish version in children and adolescent with type 1 diabetes.

Objectives We aim to delineate clinical characteristics that place individuals with type 1 diabetes (T1DM) at risk of developing eating problems by using Turkish version of diabetes eating problem survey-revised (DEPS-R). Methods The patients aged 9-18 years with T1DM who came to the pediatric endocrine outpatient clinic for control between February and December 2019 completed Turkish version of DEPS-R. Clinical and laboratory findings were obtained from patient files. Cases with a questionnaire score ≥20 were considered to be at risk for eating disorders (ED). Parents were informed when the results of the screening were positive, and were offered to child psychiatrist. Results The median scores obtained with the Turkish version of DEPS-R for the total sample, for females and males were 15, 16, and 13 respectively. The score was significantly higher among females compared to males (p<0.001). DEPS-R score positive group had higher age (mean [SD]=14.6 [2.7], p=0.009), BMI (mean [SD]=21.4 [3.2], p<0.001), HbA1c % (mean [SD]=9.37[2.3], p<0.001) and year of diabetes duration (mean [SD]=5.5 [3.6], p<0.001) compared to the negative group. Conclusions Early recognition and adequate treatment of ED in T1DM is essential. DEPS-R is sensitive in identifying young people with ED.

The relationship between problematic smartphone use and psychiatric symptoms among adolescents who applied to psychiatry clinics.

Problematic mobile phone use is an important problem which has increasing prevalence among adolescents. We should address risk factors to create intervention frameworks related to this problem. In this study, we aimed to determine the prevalence of problematic smartphone use among adolescents who were referred to clinics, its relationship to sociodemographic characteristics, psychiatric symptoms and emotion regulation problems. We included 150 adolescents aged 12-18 years who own smartphones. All participants filled out the Sociodemographic Information Form, Brief Symptom Inventory (BSI), Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS) and Problematic Mobile Phone Use Scale (PMPUS). Problematic smart phone use was detected in 50.6% of the sample. Adolescents with problematic use were found to be older than the others, with lower levels of maternal education and self-achievement. Regression analysis revealed that the factors predicting the risk of problematic smartphone use are somatization, interpersonal sensitivity and hostility symptoms. According to our results, we suggest psychiatrists consider the high prevalence of problematic smartphone use, address the relationship between hostility, somatic symptoms and interpersonal sensitivity (susceptibility) and the effects of this current problem on social-academic functioning while evaluating and treating adolescents.

A Child with Kabuki Syndrome and Autism Spectrum Disorder.

Kabuki syndrome (KS) is characterized by skeletal abnormalities, short stature, characteristic facial features, postnatal growth delay, and mental retardation. There are only a few case reports that present the coexistence of KS with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in the literature. Herein we present the case of a boy with KS and ASD and discuss the possible shared etiologies. A 4-year-old boy was brought by his parents with complaints of no speech, hyperactivity, enuresis complex, temper tantrum, self-injury, and harming people or objects. We determined the lack of speech and eye contact, stereotypical behavior, and impaired social interaction and diagnosed him with autism and severe mental retardation via a psychiatric assessment. He had been followed up by pediatricians until he was 2 years old. Pediatricians noted his long eyelids with eversion of the lateral third of the lower eyelid, depressed nasal tip, short stature, long palpebral fissures, brachydactyly, and fetal finger pads in their physical examination. The boy who has an operated ventral septal defect and seizures was diagnosed with KS when he was 5 years old. We recommended his parents to apply to a special education agency and kindergarten for him. Our case is a new example of the coexistence of KS and ASD in addition to the very few cases in the literature. Genetic analyses conducted in the existence of specific genetic syndromes, such as KS, may provide opportunities for understanding the genetic etiology of ASD and new scope in terms of novel treatment approaches.

Cognitive and behavioral characteristics of children with caustic ingestion.

BACKGROUND/AIM: Children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (AD/HD) have risk taking behavior and are more prone to sustaining injury. It is aimed to evaluate the cognitive and behavioral characteristics of children with caustic ingestion. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Ninety two children with a history of nonsuicidal caustic ingestion (CI, n=46) and healthy subjects (HS, n=46) admitted to pediatric surgery department were enrolled into the study. Patients in groups were evaluated for age, sex, number of siblings and educational status of the parents. Before filling the questionnaires, the children were undergone flexible endoscopy and treated accordingly. Conners Parents Rating Scale-revised long form (CPRS-R:L), validated for Turkish Children, was used to evaluate the cognitive and behavioral characteristics of children. Parents rate their child's behavior with a four-point Likert scale. Subscales of CPRS-R:L including cognitive problems/inattention (CG/I), hyperactivity (H), attention deficit hyperactivity disorder index (AD/HD-I), Conners' Global Index-discomfort-impulsivity (CGI-DI), DSM-IV-symptom subscale-inattention (DSMIV, SS-I), DSM-IV-symptom subscale-hyperactivity-impulsivity (DSM-IV, SS-HI), DSMIV-symptom subscale-total score (DSM-IV SS-T) were used to determine the severity of the AD/HD symptom. Demographic features and cognitive/behavioral characteristics of children with caustic ingestion were compared with healthy subjects. RESULTS: The median age of the patients was 4 (2-14 years) in both CI and HS groups. Female male ratio was 13:33 in CI and 12:34 in HS. Sixty seven percent of patients were preschool children (younger than 5 years of age) in both CI and HS groups. There was no difference between groups for number of siblings (p>0.05). Parents of HS group had higher educational status than parents in CI (p<0.05). When subscale scores of CPRS-R:L compared between CI and HS groups, CI group had higher CGI-DI scores than HS (p<0.05). Children younger than five years of age had higher scores of H, emotional instability and total CG/I in CI than HS group (p<0.05). CONCLUSION: Children with caustic ingestion had impulsiveness behavior when compared to healthy children. In addition to impulsivity, hyperactivity can be also assessed as a risk factor for caustic ingestion in children younger than 5years of age. We suggest that association between AD/HD behavior and risk of sustaining injuries was also confirmed for caustic ingestion in children.