[Chilaïditi's syndrome responsible for an occlusion with necrosis of the small intestine after a caesarean section: first case report]. / Syndrome de Chilaïditi responsable d'une occlusion avec nécrose du grêle après une césarienne: cas princeps.

Chilaïditi's syndrome is the association of a radiological and clinical semiology of the interposition of large colon or small intestine between the lower side of diaphragm and liver. We report the case of a 32-year-old woman, primigravida, who undergone a caesarean section at 39 weeks of amenorrhoea, for a clinical picture of persistent abdominal pain and a beginning hepatic cytolysis. The patient presented one day after the ceasarean section an occlusive syndrome of the small intestine. The etiology of the occlusion of the small intestine in post-partum was a Chilaïditi's syndrome with inter hepatodiaphragmatic incarceration of the small intestine discovered at the computed tomography. An exploratory laparotomy confirmed and permitted to treat Chilaïditi's syndrome complicated by an occlusion.

Prenatal diagnosis of female monozygotic twins discordant for Turner syndrome: implications for prenatal genetic counselling.

We describe a set of monozygotic (MZ) female twins, one of whom presented with a typical Turner syndrome (TS) phenotype and the other a normal female phenotype. Prenatal fetal ultrasonographic examination showed a monochorial diamniotic pregnancy with a hygroma colli and growth delay in Twin A and no anomalies in Twin B. Karyotypic analysis performed on fetal blood samples demonstrated a 46,XX/45,X (23/2) mosaicism in Twin A and a normal 46,XX chromosome constitution in Twin B. At birth, Twin A presented with a typical TS and Twin B had a normal female phenotype. Postnatal cytogenetic investigation of blood lymphocytes showed the same 46,XX/45,X mosaicism in both twins: 46,XX/45,X (40/7) in Twin A and 46,XX/45,X (40/5) in Twin B. Further investigations at the age of 10 months showed in Twin A a 46,XX/45,X (98/2) mosaicism in lymphocytes and 100% of 45,X (50 analysed cells) in fibroblasts, and in Twin B a normal 46,XX (100 analysed cells) chromosome constitution in lymphocytes but a mild 46,XX/45,X (78/2) mosaicism in fibroblasts. Monozygosity was confirmed by molecular analysis. To our knowledge, this is the first report of prenatal diagnosis of MZ female twins discordant for TS. Review of reported sets of MZ female twins (eight cases) or triplets (one case) discordant for TS shows, as in the present case, that the phenotype correlates better with the chromosomal distribution of mosaicism in fibroblasts than in lymphocytes. In the blood of MZ twins chimerism may modify the initial allocation of the mosaicism. These results suggest that, in cases of prenatal diagnosis of MZ female twins discordant for TS, the phenotype of each twin would be better predicted from karyotype analysis of cells from amniotic fluid than from fetal blood.

Double maternal seroconversion to cytomegalovirus and Toxoplasma gondii.

BACKGROUND: We report the first case of a double maternal seroconversion for Toxoplasma gondii (TG) and cytomegalovirus (CMV) diagnosed during pregnancy. CASE: One case is reported of a female patient referred for seroconversion in response to TG in the 27th week of gestation. A search for foetal involvement revealed signs of non-specific foetal infection without any TG-related lesions. Tests were carried out for another foeto-maternal infectious disease and maternal seroconversion in response to CMV was discovered with virus in the amniotic fluid. The foetus developed hydrocephalus and intracranial calcifications and the pregnancy was terminated at the parents' request. CMV-induced multiple organ involvement without any signs of Toxoplasma gondii-related involvement were noted in the foetus. CONCLUSIONS: This case indicates that a search should be made for another infectious disease likely to involve the foetus when non-specific signs of infection in the foetus are present, even though maternal seroconversion has been recognized.

[Perineal rehabilitation of female urinary incontinence. Long term results]. / Rééducation périnéale au cours de l'incontinence urinaire féminine. Résultats à distance.

The results of perineal rehabilitation in 101 women with urinary incontinence are evaluated with a follow-up of 18 months (9-37 months). The authors try to precise the clinicals and urodynamicals initials factors of a bad pronostic.

[Pregnancy and delivery after the age of 40]. / Grossesse et accouchement après 40 ans.

When pregnancy occurs in a woman who is more than 40 years of age there are certain risks, ranging from the risks of chromosome abnormalities to those associated with grand multiparity and the syndrome of "the precious baby", when it is a first pregnancy. We have looked at the case notes of 52 patients who delivered after the age of 40. This was a total of 59 pregnancies which occurred in our service between the 1st January 1981 and the 31st December 1986. Of these patients 6 were primiparous, which was 1.17% of all those women delivered in the service. 83% delivered vaginally, with or without the help of forceps. In this group hypertension as well as vein troubles and fatness are more common. Prematurity was of a low order (3.4%), as was perinatal mortality as compared with other series in the literature. We only had one case of trisomy and this was very upsetting for us because we could not get across to our patients the importance of antenatal screening in more than one third of all cases.

[Action of dydrogesterone in postpubertal menstruation disorders]. / Action de la dydrogestérone dans les troubles des règles post-pubertaires.

Seventy-four post-pubertal young women with menstrual disturbances of a functional nature were treated with 20 mg of dydrogesterone per day from the 16th to the 25th day of the cycle for three cycles. Overall efficacy was considered satisfactory, results being significantly more positive with regard to disturbances in the duration of the cycle rather than excessively heavy periods. The authors draw attention to the possibility of the restoration of luteal function in a patient treated with dydrogesterone and the validity of temperature curve and plasma progesterone levels in this context.

[Ovarian pregnancy: its status in 1982. Apropos of 6 cases operated, review of the literature]. / Grossesses ovariennes: le point en 1982. A propos de 6 cas opérés, revue de la littérature.

The authors compare six personal cases of ovarian pregnancy with those in the literature. They point out that there is no specific clinical sign which makes it possible to tell whether one is dealing with an ovarian or a tubal pregnancy. They show the value of laparoscopy and especially of laparotomy and the histo-pathology of the specimen. Finally they show that although ectopic pregnancy rarely occurs in this site it is easy to treat and nearly always can be treated conservatively.

[Iliac vein thrombosis with a "floating clot" at the 37th week of pregnancy. Caesarean section and the application of a clip on the inferior vena cava. A case history (author's transl)]. / Thrombose veineuse iliaque avec caillot "flottant à 37 semaines de grossesse: Césarienne et clip de veine cave. A propos d'un cas.

The authors describe a case of high venous thrombosis with floating clots at the 37th week of pregnancy. The problem of diagnosis was solved by urgent Doppler examination and by phlebograms of the legs. It is necessary to have a team of many disciplines that can be brought together at any time. These consist of: -an anaesthesist who can resuscitate with heparin and give obstetrical anaesthesia, -an obstetrician who can carry out caesarean sections, -a vascular surgeon who can carry out a partial block of the inferior vena cava. This would appear only to be possible in a special centre.