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1.
Can J Anaesth ; 48(9): 890-3, 2001 Oct.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-11606347

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: The effect of position on the spread and the onset time of epidural anesthesia has not been well documented. This study was undertaken to assess the effect of modified Trendelenburg position on the spread of epidural anesthesia for Cesarean section. METHODS: Seven hundred thirty-nine parturients underwent epidural anesthesia for elective or emergent Cesarean section. Patients were divided into two groups in a randomized-controlled study. All patients received 20 mL of 2% lidocaine injected through a 19G epidural needle, a standard technique in our institution. During induction of epidural anesthesia, the first group was placed in 15 Trendelenburg with 10 head-up position and the second in the horizontal position. The onset time and the level of anesthesia, patients' vital signs, and Apgar score were recorded in both groups. RESULTS: There were no significant differences in vital signs, oxygen saturation and Apgar score between the two groups. The results show significant differences in the time of onset (on average four minutes faster in the modified Trendelenburg position group) (P <0.001), and in achieving T5 level sensory blockade (97.5% vs 42.8%) between the modified Trendelenburg and horizontally positioned pregnant women. CONCLUSION: This study demonstrates that the modified Trendelenburg position has a significant effect on the spread and the onset time of single shot epidural anesthesia, and can be used safely in term parturients for emergency or elective Cesarean section.


Subject(s)
Anesthesia, Epidural , Anesthesia, Obstetrical , Cesarean Section , Head-Down Tilt , Adult , Apgar Score , Female , Humans , Infant, Newborn , Pregnancy
2.
Arch Ophthalmol ; 96(10): 1842-7, 1978 Oct.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-697621

ABSTRACT

Evaluation of 50 cases of microtropia that were collected within two years indicates the primary form of microtropia to be more common than the secondary form (48:2 cases). Various degrees of anisometropia were present in all cases of primary microtropia, suggesting that anisometropia is the cause rather than the consequence of microtropia.


Subject(s)
Amblyopia/diagnosis , Adolescent , Adult , Amblyopia/complications , Child , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Myopia/complications , Refraction, Ocular , Scotoma/complications , Vision Tests , Visual Acuity
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