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1.
Actas Esp Psiquiatr ; 34(1): 48-54, 2006.
Article in Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-16525905

ABSTRACT

In the clinical practice, there are three different terms to designate schizophrenic patients who do not improve with antipsychotic medication: treatment-resistant, treatment-refractory and non-respondent patients. Treatment resistance is neither a synonym of chronicity nor of severity nor seriousness. Therefore, for a patient to be considered resistant, several points must be taken into account. These points are: a) whether the schizophrenia is primary or secondary; b) its nature; c) presence of previous substance abuse; d) treatment compliance and tolerance, and presence of minor neurological signs. The most widely accepted criteria to define pharmacological treatment resistance in schizophrenia were initially developed around 1988 by Kane. Nowadays, the BPRS and Independent Living Skills Survey (ILSS) are the scales used to assess the levels of lack or response or of treatment resistance. To attain a suitable therapeutic evolution in schizophrenics resistant to treatment in antipsychotic medication assays, the following guidelines must be considered: Identifying the symptoms clearly and using medication with a suitable dose and duration. Taking into account that treatment resistance can be mistaken for treatment intolerance, non-compliance to treatment, inappropriate social support or inappropriate psychosocial treatment. Using up all single therapeutic agents before applying multiple agents. Preventing extrapyramidal effects by means of an adequate choice of the primary treatment. Maintaining a positive therapeutic attitude.


Subject(s)
Antipsychotic Agents/therapeutic use , Drug Resistance , Schizophrenia/drug therapy , Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale , Cognition Disorders/diagnosis , Cognition Disorders/epidemiology , Humans , Neuropsychological Tests , Schizophrenia/diagnosis , Schizophrenia/epidemiology
2.
Actas esp. psiquiatr ; 34(1): 48-54, ene. 2006. ilus, tab
Article in Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-047350

ABSTRACT

En la práctica clínica son tres los términos para caracterizar a los pacientes esquizofrénicos que no mejoran con medicación antipsicótica: resistencia al tratamiento, tratamiento refractario y no respondedores. La resistencia al tratamiento no es sinónima de cronicidad ni de severidad o gravedad, de tal manera que para que un paciente sea considerado resistente deben tenerse en cuenta varios puntos: a) si la esquizofrenia es primaria o secundaria; b) la naturaleza de la misma; c) si hubo o no historia de abuso de sustancias; d) cumplimiento y tolerancia de los tratamientos, y e) presencia de signos neurológicos menores. Los criterios mayoritariamente aceptados para definir la resistencia al tratamiento en la esquizofrenia fueron desarrollados inicialmente por Kane en 1988. Actualmente para la evaluación de los niveles de falta de respuesta o resistencia al tratamiento se utiliza la Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS) y la Independent Living Skills Survey (ILSS). Para alcanzar una evolución terapéutica favorable en ensayos con fármacos antipsicóticos en pacientes esquizofrénicos resistentes al tratamiento se deben seguir las siguientes directrices: Identificar claramente los síntomas y utilizar fármacos en dosificación adecuada y tiempo suficiente Tener en cuenta que la resistencia al tratamiento puede confundirse bien con intolerancia a la medicación, no adherencia al tratamiento, un inadecuado apoyo social o bien un tratamiento psicosocial inapropiado. Agotar la utilización de fármacos solos antes que tratamientos farmacológicos combinados. Prevenir los efectos extrapiramidales mediante una apropiada elección del tratamiento primario. Mantener una actitud terapéutica positiva


In the clinical practice, there are three different terms to designate schizophrenic patients who do not improve with antipsychotic medication: treatmentresistant, treatment-refractory and non-respondent patients. Treatment resistance is neither a synonym of chronicity nor of severity nor seriousness. Therefore, for a patient to be considered resistant, several points must be taken into account. These points are: a) whether the schizophrenia is primary or secondary; b) its nature; c) presence of previous substance abuse; d) treatment compliance and tolerance, and e) presence of minor neurological signs. The most widely accepted criteria to define pharmacological treatment resistance in schizophrenia were initially developed around 1988 by Kane. Nowadays, the BPRS and Independent Living Skills Survey (ILSS) are the scales used to assess the levels of lack or response or of treatment resistance. To attain a suitable therapeutic evolution in schizophrenics resistant to treatment in antipsychotic medication assays, the following guidelines must be considered: Identifying the symptoms clearly and using medication with a suitable dose and duration. Taking into account that treatment resistance can be mistaken for treatment intolerance, non-compliance to treatment, inappropriate social support or inappropriate psychosocial treatment. Using up all single therapeutic agents before applying multiple agents. Preventing extrapyramidal effects by means of an adequate choice of the primary treatment. Maintaining a positive therapeutic attitude


Subject(s)
Humans , Antipsychotic Agents/therapeutic use , Drug Resistance , Schizophrenia/drug therapy , Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale , Cognition Disorders/diagnosis , Cognition Disorders/epidemiology , Schizophrenia/diagnosis , Schizophrenia/epidemiology , Neuropsychological Tests
3.
Eur. j. psychiatry (Ed. esp.) ; 17(1): 49-63, ene. 2003. tab, graf
Article in Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-25379

ABSTRACT

Los GRDs (grupos relacionados en el diagnóstico) se han mostrado muy útiles para lograr aproximaciones a los costes generados por la actividad médica con referencia a los diferentes diagnósticos, sin embargo en Psiquiatría las categorías diagnósticas actualmente utilizadas son tan limitadas que requieren una mayor profundización y discernimiento. Los autores estudian los 10.974 ingresos psiquiátricos producidos entre los años 1975 al 2000 en el Departamento de Psiquiatría del Hospital Clínico Universitario de Zaragoza (España), mostrando las diferencias en cuanto a las estancias medias según diferentes factores como el sexo de pertenencia, la edad, el estado civil, la situación laboral, la clase social, el lugar de residencia, la dependencia asistencial del paciente, el tipo de ingreso, la tasa de reingresos y por supuesto el diagnóstico psiquiátrico (AU)


Subject(s)
Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Female , Male , Middle Aged , Child , Humans , Diagnosis-Related Groups/economics , Mental Disorders/diagnosis , Cost of Illness , Diagnosis-Related Groups , Age Factors , Marital Status , Social Class , Length of Stay
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