Subject(s)
Adrenal Cortex Hormones/administration & dosage , Asthma/genetics , Chromosomes, Human, Pair 17/genetics , Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide , Administration, Inhalation , Anti-Asthmatic Agents/administration & dosage , Asthma/drug therapy , Asthma/pathology , Disease Progression , Female , Humans , Male , Treatment FailureABSTRACT
INTRODUCTION: Non-battle injuries have been the leading cause of medical evacuation in the recent wars in Afghanistan and Iraq. This study investigates the hypothesis, that the occurrence of knee problems could be associated with mounted patrolling in armoured vehicles independent of other risk factors. METHOD: Retrospective questionnaire-based cohort study of Danish soldiers deployed to Afghanistan during 1 February-31 July 2013. RESULTS: 307 soldiers included. Response rate 70%. 33% reported knee pain. MAIN FINDING: Significant association between knee pain and time spent weekly on mounted patrols (OR 1.23, CI 1.07 to 1.41, p=0.003). Controlled for confounders age, body mass index and duration of military employment (OR 1.22, CI 1.06 to 1.41, p=0.006). Adjusted for confounders and all other risk factors (OR 1.25, CI 1.07 to 1.48, p=0.007). The main finding in a subset of the 33% with knee pain: Significant association between more severe knee problems with Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score below 400 and time spent weekly on mounted patrols (OR 1.49, CI 1.17 to 1.56, p=0.002). CONCLUSIONS: A major concern regarding knee problems among Danish deployed military personnel is identified. The risk of suffering from knee problems and the severity of symptoms increase with the amount of time spent inside a vehicle on mounted patrols.
Subject(s)
Arthralgia/epidemiology , Knee Joint , Military Personnel/statistics & numerical data , Motor Vehicles , Occupational Exposure/statistics & numerical data , Posture , Adult , Afghan Campaign 2001- , Cohort Studies , Denmark/epidemiology , Female , Humans , Male , Retrospective Studies , Risk Factors , Severity of Illness Index , Surveys and Questionnaires , Time Factors , Young AdultABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: We hypothesized that anthropometrics in the newborn is associated with development of asthma later in life. METHODS: The study included a prospective, longitudinal clinical study of a birth cohort of 411 Danish neonates born at term of mothers with a history of asthma. The primary endpoint was physician-diagnosed asthma at age 7 years. Allergic sensitization and atopic dermatitis (AD) were also investigated. Infant size was measured at the research clinic on four occasions during the first year of life. Risk for asthma, AD, and allergic sensitization at age 6-7 were estimated from logistic regression. Time to first asthma and AD were investigated by Cox regression. Multivariate models were adjusted for gender, gestational age, and mothers smoking during pregnancy. RESULTS: Neonatal weight, length, body mass index and head circumference (z-score) were all significantly associated with asthma at age 7. Adjusted odds ratio for asthma by estimated birth weight z-score: 1.87 [1.23-2.84]; P = 0.004. Adjusted HR for onset of asthma by neonatal weight z-score: 1.46 [1.08-1.96]; P = 0.013. Neonatal size did not associate with AD or allergic sensitization. CONCLUSIONS: Increased neonatal size was significantly associated with asthma at age 7 but not AD or allergic sensitization in at-risk children born at term. The findings suggest some common prenatal mechanisms linking body size and asthma.
