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1.
J Pharm Sci ; 109(3): 1330-1337, 2020 03.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31821823

ABSTRACT

Among the various strategies for increasing aqueous solubility of pharmaceutical substances, cocrystals have been emerging as a promising alternative. The ferulic acid (FEA) is a molecule with limited aqueous solubility, but with an interesting pharmacological activity, highlighting its antitumor potential. This study presents the characterization and physicochemical properties of a new cocrystal based on FEA and nicotinamide (NIC). The FEA-NIC cocrystal was obtained by solvent evaporation technique and physicochemically characterized by differential scanning calorimetry, powder X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance and scanning electron microscopy. The content determination and dissolution profile in different media were analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography. The results obtained with the characterization techniques indicated the obtainment of an anhydrous cocrystal of FEA and NIC at a 1:1 molar ratio. The method was reproducible and obtained a high yield, of approximately 99%. In addition, a 70% increase in the FEA solubility in the cocrystal and a better dissolution performance than the physical mixture in pH 6.8 were achieved.


Subject(s)
Niacinamide , Calorimetry, Differential Scanning , Coumaric Acids , Crystallization , Powder Diffraction , Solubility , Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared , X-Ray Diffraction
2.
World Neurosurg ; 130: 59-64, 2019 Oct.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31238170

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Microscopic training is essential for development of neurosurgical skills. A range of models is reported in the literature for this purpose, including live animals, exvivo, and synthetic material. Among the factors involved in selection and development of a training station, cost is a decisive one. METHODS: We present a low-cost model to practice microvascular anastomoses using a bovine heart and an artificial perfusion system. We also present a brief review of laboratory models for microsurgical training, focusing on the costs and reproducibility of the different options. RESULTS: Exvivo models are a great bridging point between nonbiologic and living animal training models. These models have major similarities to human vessels, such as lumen size and malleability of the arteries. The bovine heart model allowed the residents to gain confidence in handling vascular tissue in a microscopic environment. CONCLUSIONS: Although these models do not resemble anatomic landmarks in the human brain, the bovine heart model allowed the residents to gain confidence in handling vascular tissue in a microscopic environment.


Subject(s)
Cost-Benefit Analysis , Heart/anatomy & histology , Microsurgery/education , Models, Anatomic , Models, Animal , Neurosurgeons/education , Animals , Cattle , Humans , Internship and Residency/economics , Internship and Residency/methods , Microsurgery/economics , Neurosurgeons/economics
3.
Rev Col Bras Cir ; 45(6): e1992, 2019 Jan 07.
Article in Portuguese, English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30624519

ABSTRACT

Training is a process that requires patience and constant practice. The execution of microscopic procedures is present in the day-to-day of several surgical specialties, but unfortunately experimental models are not easy to access in our environment. We propose a bovine heart model used by residents and young surgeons in the training of microscopic dissection and microanastomoses. It is described the assembly of this model, which can be performed individually and with accessible material to the surgical departments. Our experience in the preparation of the pieces, as well as tips for the process, are described in the text. The bovine myocardial model can be reproduced in any center with benches and surgical instruments. Low cost, fast preparation, and wide availability of the used tissue are among the advantages of this model. We consider the project useful in the training of surgical residents and young surgeons.


O treinamento é um processo que exige paciência e constante prática. A execução de procedimentos microscópicos está presente no dia a dia de diversas especialidades cirúrgicas, mas infelizmente modelos experimentais não são de fácil de acesso. Propomos um modelo com coração bovino usado por residentes e jovens cirurgiões no treinamento de dissecção microscópica e microanastomoses. É descrita a montagem deste modelo, que pode ser realizado de maneira individual e com material acessível aos departamentos cirúrgicos. Nossa experiência na elaboração das peças, assim como, dicas para o processo são descritas no texto. O modelo com miocardio bovino pode ser reproduzido em qualquer centro que disponha de bancadas e instrumental cirúrgico. Dentre as vantagens estão o baixo custo, rápido preparo e grande disponibilidade do tecido utilizado. Consideramos o projeto útil no treinamento de residentes cirúrgicos e jovens cirurgiões.


Subject(s)
Cardiac Surgical Procedures/education , Microdissection/education , Microsurgery/education , Models, Animal , Anastomosis, Surgical , Animals , Cardiac Surgical Procedures/economics , Cattle , Coronary Vessels/surgery , Microdissection/economics , Microsurgery/economics , Reproducibility of Results , Time Factors
4.
J Trace Elem Med Biol ; 49: 128-133, 2018 Sep.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29895361

ABSTRACT

The role of the choroid plexus (CP) in iron (Fe) homeostasis has been suggested as the main mechanism of Fe uptake and storage in the mammalian central nervous system. Thus, the CP of the lateral and fourth ventricles was studied in guinea pigs with light and electron microscopy using methods including Perls' Prussian blue and Gomori acid phosphatase staining, immunoreactivity for ferritin and transferrin, as well as energy dispersive spectrometry microanalysis. The present study reveals the presence of endogenous Fe in CP epithelial cells. Under light microscopy, Prussian blue staining revealed dark blue precipitates (i.e., Fe3+) with a preferentially perinuclear localization. The Fe was also positive for such granules with similar cellular localization. Ultrastructural analysis demonstrated the presence of dense bodies and siderosomes with molecular ferritin. The spectra obtained by the microanalysis demonstrated emissions for Fe, both in dense bodies and siderosomes. This study suggests that guinea pig CP epithelial cells accumulate Fe in the form of ferritin, possibly in cytoplasmic organelles such as lysosomes.


Subject(s)
Choroid Plexus/metabolism , Iron/metabolism , Microscopy, Electron, Transmission/methods , Animals , Ferritins/metabolism , Guinea Pigs , Lysosomes/metabolism , Male
5.
Rev. Col. Bras. Cir ; 45(6): e1992, 2018. graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-976945

ABSTRACT

RESUMO O treinamento é um processo que exige paciência e constante prática. A execução de procedimentos microscópicos está presente no dia a dia de diversas especialidades cirúrgicas, mas infelizmente modelos experimentais não são de fácil de acesso. Propomos um modelo com coração bovino usado por residentes e jovens cirurgiões no treinamento de dissecção microscópica e microanastomoses. É descrita a montagem deste modelo, que pode ser realizado de maneira individual e com material acessível aos departamentos cirúrgicos. Nossa experiência na elaboração das peças, assim como, dicas para o processo são descritas no texto. O modelo com miocardio bovino pode ser reproduzido em qualquer centro que disponha de bancadas e instrumental cirúrgico. Dentre as vantagens estão o baixo custo, rápido preparo e grande disponibilidade do tecido utilizado. Consideramos o projeto útil no treinamento de residentes cirúrgicos e jovens cirurgiões.


ABSTRACT Training is a process that requires patience and constant practice. The execution of microscopic procedures is present in the day-to-day of several surgical specialties, but unfortunately experimental models are not easy to access in our environment. We propose a bovine heart model used by residents and young surgeons in the training of microscopic dissection and microanastomoses. It is described the assembly of this model, which can be performed individually and with accessible material to the surgical departments. Our experience in the preparation of the pieces, as well as tips for the process, are described in the text. The bovine myocardial model can be reproduced in any center with benches and surgical instruments. Low cost, fast preparation, and wide availability of the used tissue are among the advantages of this model. We consider the project useful in the training of surgical residents and young surgeons.


Subject(s)
Animals , Models, Animal , Microdissection/education , Cardiac Surgical Procedures/education , Microsurgery/education , Time Factors , Cattle , Anastomosis, Surgical , Reproducibility of Results , Coronary Vessels/surgery , Microdissection/economics , Cardiac Surgical Procedures/economics , Microsurgery/economics
6.
Haematologica ; 102(12): 2125-2133, 2017 12.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28971905

ABSTRACT

Patients with acute graft-versus-host disease (GvHD) grade I were randomized to an observation arm (n=85) or to a treatment arm (n=86) consisting of 6-methylprednisolone 1 mg/kg/day, after stratification for age and donor type. The primary end point was development of grade II-IV GvHD. The cumulative incidence of grade II-IV GvHD was 50% in the observation arm and 33% in the treatment arm (P=0.005). However, grade III-IV GvHD was comparable (13% vs 10%, respectively; P=0.6), and this was true for sibling and alternative donor transplants. Moderate/severe chronic GvHD was also comparable (17% vs 9%). In multivariate analysis, an early interval between transplant and randomization (

Subject(s)
Graft vs Host Disease/drug therapy , Methylprednisolone/therapeutic use , Acute Disease , Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Child , Child, Preschool , Disease Progression , Graft vs Host Disease/mortality , Graft vs Host Disease/pathology , Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation/adverse effects , Humans , Infant , Infant, Newborn , Methylprednisolone/adverse effects , Middle Aged , Prognosis , Steroids/adverse effects , Steroids/therapeutic use , Survival Analysis , Young Adult
7.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS, MOSAICO - Integrative health | ID: biblio-948647

ABSTRACT

As plantas do gênero Marsdenia, família Apocynaceae (Asclepiadoideae), apresentam distribuição mundial, embora se encontre predominantemente nas regiões tropicais. Diversas espécies de Marsdenia são usadas na medicina tradicional asiática para o tratamento de dores reumáticas, inflamação, asma, sífilis e câncer. Vários estudos fitoquímicos mostraram que elas contêm glicosídeos esteroides, principalmente derivados de pregnano, mas também alcaloides esteroides, triterpenos e conduritoles. No entanto, casos espontâneos de intoxicação ocorreram em diversas espécies animais, e podem ocorrer em humanos. Assim, as plantas do gênero Marsdenia apresentam enorme potencial para descoberta de novos compostos para uso como medicamentos.


Subject(s)
Plants, Medicinal/toxicity , Marsdenia , Brazil , Apocynaceae , Phytochemicals
8.
Ciênc. rural ; 43(7): 1281-1287, jul. 2013. ilus, tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-679247

ABSTRACT

Foi realizado um estudo para determinar as plantas tóxicas incriminadas como de interesse zootécnico em 35 municípios das mesorregiões Central e Oeste do estado do Rio Grande do Norte (RN). Foram entrevistados 180 produtores, 20 médicos veterinários, 12 técnicos agrícolas e 5 agrônomos. Os dados obtidos nas entrevistas foram compilados e analisados com auxílio do programa Epi Info versão 6.04. As plantas tóxicas relatadas pelos entrevistados como causadoras de diversos surtos foram Ipomoea asarifolia, Aspidosperma pyrifolium, Indigofera suffruticosa, Manihot carthaginensis subsp. glaziovii, Amorimia septentrionalis, Tephrosia cinerea, Anadenanthera colubrina var. cebil, Marsdenia megalantha, Anacardium occidentale, Cnidoscolus quercifolius, Crotalaria retusa, Froelichia humboldtiana, Ipomoea carnea, Leucaena leucocephala, Manihot esculenta, Mimosa tenuiflora, Nerium oleander, Prosopis juliflora, Ricinus communis, Sorghum bicolor, Sorghum halepense e Urochloa (Brachiaria) decumbens.


A study was conducted aiming to determine the plants species poisoning of zootechnical interest in 35 cities from Central and West regions of Rio Grande do Norte state, Brazil. It was interviewed 180 farmers, 20 veterinarians, 12 agriculture experts, and 5 agronomists. Data obtained in the interviews were compiled and analyzed using the software Epi Info version 6.04. The plant species responsible by greater number of poisoning outbreaks were Ipomoea asarifolia, Aspidosperma pyrifolium, Indigofera suffruticosa, Manihot carthaginensis subsp. glaziovii, Amorimia septentrionalis, Tephrosia cinerea, Anadenanthera colubrina var. cebil, Marsdenia megalantha, Anacardium occidentale, Cnidoscolus quercifolius, Crotalaria retusa, Froelichia humboldtiana, Ipomoea carnea, Leucaena leucocephala, Manihot esculenta, Mimosa tenuiflora, Nerium oleander, Prosopis juliflora, Ricinus communis, Sorghum bicolor, Sorghum halepense, and Urochloa (Brachiaria) decumbens.

9.
Braz. arch. biol. technol ; 56(1): 45-52, Jan.-Feb. 2013. ilus, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-670280

ABSTRACT

The present study evaluated the calibers and anatomic configurations based on the Magnetic Resonance analysis (MRA), assaying the cerebral vascular territories and sex-linked variations. A randomized sample of 30 angiographic examinations in adult patients of both sexes was obtained and components of the circle of Willis were identified. Branch diameters were measured on a transversal cut 5mm from the vessel origin in a typical angiographic frontal incidence. For the comparative statistical analysis, tests were divided in the groups considering the patients' sex and age. The classical Circle of Willis configuration was oberved in only 15 samples (50%). Greater calibers were observed in the arteries of the posterior circulation and multiple linear regression analysis established that the caliber of the posterior circulation was influenced by an independent variable related to the gender. Additional variations included unilateral and bilateral fetal and hypoplasic Posterior communicating arteries. In the anterior cerebral artery (ACA), the presence of an accessory developed ACA, an ACA giving branches to the distal portion of the two hemispheres and a third median ACA the variants were observed. Gender influenced the variations on internal diameters of posterior circulation vessels, with larger measurements in men.

10.
São Paulo; Cortez; 23 ed., rev., atual; 2007. 304 p. ilus.
Monography in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-591632
11.
RFO UPF ; 11(2): 7-10, 2006. ilus
Article in Portuguese | LILACS, BBO - Dentistry | ID: lil-457374

ABSTRACT

O método de corrosão vascular com resina Merox-CL-2B para visualização sob microscopia eletrônica de verredura (MEV) permite que se realize uma análise da angioarquitetura. Para tanto, há necessidade de maceração parcial ou total do tecido orgânico que se encontra ao redor do molde. Com relação à corrosão, cada órgão a ser analisado apresenta especificidades técnicas, relacionadas ao tamanho e ao tipo de tecido que forma uma espécime. Há necessidade de se eliminarem duas camadas na superficie dorsal da língua de ratos antes de expor o molde com resina. Existem poucos protocolos padronizados com relação à maceração de línguas. Dessa forma, neste trabalho foram utilizados nove ratos machos Wistar adultos, com dois meses de idade e aproximadamente 200g de peso, manipulados sob anestesia intraperitoneal para realização da técnica de réplica vascular com resina acrílica. A partir daí, três línguas foram maceradas com concentrações de hidróxido de sódio (NaOH) a 1,10 e 20 por cento com temperatura padronizada em 45°, por 10, 24 e 36h, respectivamente. Todos osmoldes obtidos foram submetidos à secagem pelo ponto-crítico e colocados para metalização om duas camadas de carbono, seguidas por uma camada de ouro. Quando utilizadas soluções a 10 e 20 por cento para maceração, foi possivel notar a formação de estruturas que dificultam esse processo, assim como depósitos sobre as amostras, tornando-as extremamente sujas. Um período de 24 e 36h é necessário para remoção da ceratina da superfície dorsal da língua de ratos com solução de NaOH a 1 por cento nas condições deste estudo.


Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Adult , Rats , Acrylic Resins , Corrosion Casting , Microscopy, Electron, Scanning , Tongue , Sodium Hydroxide
12.
In. Lima, Júlio César França; Neves, Lúcia Maria Wanderley. Fundamentos da educação escolar do Brasil contemporâneo. Rio de Janeiro, Fiocruz, 2006. p.289-320.
Monography in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-438097

Subject(s)
Education , Ethics , Politics , Brazil
13.
Acta cir. bras ; 20(6): 414-417, nov.-dez. 2005. graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-417053

ABSTRACT

OBJETIVO: Comparar os efeitos após 6 horas do tratamento do choque hemorrágico (CH) com solução de NaCl 7,5% (Solução Salina Hipertônica – SSH) e Ringer Lactato (RL) sobre a função e integridade hepática em ratos. MÉTODOS: Ratos Wistar (n=16) machos foram submetidos a choque hemorrágico controlado (Pressão Arterial Média – PAM = 45 mmHg) durante 60 minutos e após ressuscitados com SSH (10% da perda volêmica, n=8) ou RL (4 vezes o volume sangüíneo retirado, n=8). Após 6 horas a função hepática foi determinada pela quantificação do fluxo biliar. A integridade hepática foi avaliada pelas bilirrubinas e pela alanino aminotransferase (ALT). RESULTADOS: Não foi constatada diferença de PAM entre os grupos durante os experimentos. O fluxo biliar apresentou recuperação significativa no grupo SSH em comparação ao grupo RL (p<0,05). O grupo SSH apresentou diminuição significativa nos níveis de ALT (p<0,001) e das bilirrubinas (p<0,001). CONCLUSÃO: Após 6 horas de tratamento do choque hemorrágico a SSH mostrou-se superior ao RL, recuperando a função e a integridade hepatocelular, provavelmente por melhora da perfusão nutricional hepática, e diretamente relacionada ao seu mecanismo de ação.


Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Rats , Shock, Hemorrhagic/therapy , Liver/physiology , Resuscitation/methods , Saline Solution, Hypertonic/therapeutic use , Isotonic Solutions/therapeutic use , Analysis of Variance , Alanine Transaminase/blood , Bilirubin/blood , Disease Models, Animal , Liver/physiopathology , Rats, Wistar , Statistics, Nonparametric
14.
Acta Cir Bras ; 20(6): 414-7, 2005.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-16302074

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: The comparison after 6 h of hemorrhagic shock (HS) treatment with NaCl 7.5% (Hypertonic Saline Solution-SSH) or Ringer Lactate (RL) on liver function and integrity. METHODS: Male Wistar rats were submitted to HS (Mean Arterial Pressure-MAP= 45 mmHg) during 60 min and then treated with NaCl 7.5% (SSH, 10% of blood loss, n=8) or Ringer Lactate (RL, 400% of blood loss, n=8). After 6 h rats were anesthetized, hepatic function was assessed by bile flow measurement and liver integrity evaluated by determination of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and bilirubin activities. RESULTS: There was no difference in MAP between the groups during the whole experiments. Biliary flow showed a significant recovery after SSH treatment (p<0.05), and significant decrease of ALT (p<0.001) and bilirubin levels (p<0.001) in comparison to RL. CONCLUSION: Resuscitation of HS with NaCl 7.5% promoted better recovery of liver function and lesser hepatocellular damage after 6 h of treatment compared to RL. The improvement is very likely related to increased microvascular perfusion provided by small volume resuscitation.


Subject(s)
Isotonic Solutions/therapeutic use , Liver/physiology , Resuscitation/methods , Saline Solution, Hypertonic/therapeutic use , Shock, Hemorrhagic/therapy , Alanine Transaminase/blood , Analysis of Variance , Animals , Bilirubin/blood , Disease Models, Animal , Liver/physiopathology , Male , Rats , Rats, Wistar , Ringer's Lactate , Statistics, Nonparametric
15.
Campinas; Papirus; 16 ed; 2003. 177 p.
Monography in Portuguese | Sec. Munic. Saúde SP, EMS-Acervo | ID: sms-20

Subject(s)
Writing , Language
17.
São Paulo; Cortez; 22 ed., rev., ampl; 2002. 335 p. ilus.
Monography in Portuguese | Sec. Munic. Saúde SP, EMS-Acervo | ID: sms-201
18.
São Paulo; Cortez; 22 ed; 2002. 333 p. ilus.
Monography in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-454087

Subject(s)
Research/methods
19.
Psicol. soc ; 13(2): 160-165, jul.-dez. 2001.
Article in Portuguese | Index Psychology - journals | ID: psi-17501

ABSTRACT

O ensaio busca mostrar que, numa direção contrária ao movimento filosófico da pós-modernidade, a teoria crítica formulada pelos pensadores frankfurtianos reelabora o conceito iluminista de formação, vendo o indivíduo não mais como subjetividade monológica mas como intersubjetividade dialógica, o sujeito mantendo seu papel hermenêutico e crítico, com vistas à construção de um projeto emancipatório, a ser instaurado mediante uma práxis solidária (AU)


Subject(s)
Individuality , Philosophy
20.
Psicol. soc. (Impr.) ; 13(2): 160-165, jul.-dez. 2001.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-353468

ABSTRACT

O ensaio busca mostrar que, numa direção contrária ao movimento filosófico da pós-modernidade, a teoria crítica formulada pelos pensadores frankfurtianos reelabora o conceito iluminista de formação, vendo o indivíduo não mais como subjetividade monológica mas como intersubjetividade dialógica, o sujeito mantendo seu papel hermenêutico e crítico, com vistas à construção de um projeto emancipatório, a ser instaurado mediante uma práxis solidária


Subject(s)
Individuality , Philosophy
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