ABSTRACT
Five patients with a fragile site at 16q22-23 and neuropsychiatric disorders are reported. Three of five had Tourette disorder, three had mental retardation, two had bipolar disorder, and one had autistic disorder. During our attempts to study the fragile sites in more detail we were unable to reproduce the fragile sites found several years earlier. The potential relationship between the fragile sites and the neuropsychiatric disorders in these patients is discussed. Am. J. Med. Genet. (Neuropsychiatr. Genet.) 96:69-73, 2000.
Subject(s)
Autistic Disorder/genetics , Bipolar Disorder/genetics , Chromosome Fragility , Chromosomes, Human, Pair 16 , Intellectual Disability/genetics , Tourette Syndrome/genetics , Adolescent , Adult , Chromosome Fragile Sites , Female , Humans , MaleABSTRACT
AIMS: To identify pre- and perinatal risk factors for Tourette disorder. METHODS: Case control study. We matched names of patients who met DSM criteria for Tourette disorder with their birth certificates. For each case five controls were selected. The controls were matched by sex, year and month of birth. RESULTS: Univariate analysis of the 92 cases and the 460 matched controls identified 4 risk factors; one categorical variable--trimester prenatal care begun and 3 continuous variables--apgar score at 5 minutes, month prenatal began and number of prenatal visits. Logistic modeling to control for confounding produced a three variable model (apgar score at 5 minutes (OR = 1.31), number of prenatal visits (OR = .904) and fathers age (OR = .909). The model parameters were: chi 2 = 19.76; df = 3; p < .001. CONCLUSIONS: This is an inexpensive methodology to identify potential risk factors of patients with Tourette disorder and other mental illness.
Subject(s)
Tourette Syndrome/epidemiology , Adolescent , Adult , Apgar Score , Birth Certificates , Birth Weight , Case-Control Studies , Child , Child, Preschool , Educational Status , Female , Gestational Age , Humans , Logistic Models , Male , Maternal Age , North Dakota , Paternal Age , Pregnancy , Prenatal Care/statistics & numerical data , Risk FactorsABSTRACT
AIM: To identify pre- and perinatal risk factors for autism. METHOD: Case control study. We matched names of patients from North Dakota who met DSM criteria for autism, a pervasive developmental disorder, and autistic disorder with their birth certificates. Five matched controls were selected for each case. RESULTS: Univariate analysis of the 78 cases and 390 controls identified seven risk factors. Logistic modeling to control for confounding produced a five variable model. The model parameters were chi 2 = 36.6 and p < 0.001. The five variables in the model were decreased birth weight, low maternal education, later start of prenatal care, and having a previous termination of pregnancy. Increasing father's age was associated with increased risk of autism. CONCLUSION: This methodology may provide an inexpensive method for clinics and public health providers to identify risk factors and to identify maternal characteristics of patients with mental illness and developmental disorders.
