Results of kidney transplantation from deceased donors with acute kidney injury.

BACKGROUND: Different strategies have been initiated to shorten the waiting list time to receive a kidney transplant. Donors with acute kidney injury (AKI) may be a new option. METHODS: Fifty-nine patients received a kidney transplant from an AKI donor defined as having serum creatinine >2 mg/dL at the time of organ procurement. They were compared with a transplant group with normal kidney function defined as creatinine <1.5 mg/dL organ procurement in the same time period, paired by donor and recipient age (control group). Initial evolution, at 1 year, and at the end of the follow-up were evaluated. RESULTS: The AKI donor group had greater delayed graft function (68% versus 36%, P < .01). Graft and recipient survival were similar in both groups at 1 year (92% versus 88%, P = NS; 97% versus 98%, P = NS) and at the end of follow-up (66% versus 66%, P = NS; 90% versus 88%, P = NS). Serum creatinine at 1 year and at the end of the follow-up did not show any differences (1.4 ± 0.5 versus 1.4 ± 0.7 mg/dL, P = NS; 1.4 ± 0.5 versus 1.6 ± 0.9 mg/dL, P = NS). CONCLUSIONS: The transplants from donors with AKI showed greater incidence of delayed graft function, but this did not affect the short- or long-term prognosis of the graft or recipient. This type of donor may be a source of acceptable kidneys.

Impact of left ventricular dysfunction on renal transplant survival: study of paired kidneys from the same donor.

INTRODUCTION: A significant number of patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) have cardiac abnormalities, and left ventricular systolic dysfunction (LVSD) is a common manifestation. Our hypothesis is that a decrease in the left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) at the time of kidney transplantation is a factor of poor prognosis associated with poor graft evolution. METHODS AND RESULTS: A total of 954 kidney transplantations were performed in our center between 2005 and 2012. Nineteen (2%) of these patients had been diagnosed with left ventricular dysfunction that was defined by the presence of LVEF <50% on echocardiography. This group of patients was compared with a control group of recipients without LVSD who had received the contralateral kidney from the same donor. During a mean follow-up of 52 ± 14 months, it was observed that the patients with LVSD had a higher incidence of delayed graft function (DGF) as well as a significantly longer renal function recovery period than in the control group until they became dialysis free (19.8 [range, 0-90] vs 12 [range, 0-36] days; P = .01). Furthermore, graft function achieved by the LVSD group was worse during the evolution (serum creatinine 2.3 ± 1.9 vs 1.4 ± 0.5 mg/dL; P = .01). Patients with LVSD showed worse kidney graft survival at the end of the follow-up when compared with the control group (79% vs 100%; P = .03). CONCLUSIONS: Systolic dysfunction of the renal transplant recipient is associated with greater delay in graft function and worse graft survival with poorer renal function.

[Tuberculosis and cancer. Experience of a general hospital]. / Tuberculosis y cáncer. Experiencia de un hospital general.

Tuberculosis and cancer are two processes in relationship. The relation between both are studied. We analyzed retrospectively the culture-positive tuberculosis cases in from 1999 to 2002. We described the six cases with tuberculosis and cancer. One hundred and five cases of tuberculosis were observed, 6 cases (5.7%) had cancer. Four cases were pulmonary tuberculosis, one tuberculous pleurisy and other urinary tuberculosis urinary. The two cases with bronchogenic neoplasm had a diagnosis of tuberculosis at same time than cancer. The diagnosis of neoplasm was previous than tuberculosis in two cases (breast neoplasm and hypernephroma), and posterior in others two cases (breast and colon neoplasm). Half of theses patients died. In patients with neoplasm, the possibility of coexist tuberculosis is not depreciable, previous, concomitant or after the diagnosis of neoplasm.

Tuberculosis y cáncer. Experiencia de un hospital general / Tuberculosis and cancer. Experience of a general hospital

Tuberculosis y cáncer son dos procesos que pueden aparecer interrelacionados. Se estudia la asociación entre ambas entidades. Se han revisado de forma retrospectiva los casos diagnosticados microbiológicamente de tuberculosis en el Hospital General Universitario de Elche desde 1999 a 2002. En seis pacientes coexistía neoplasia y tuberculosis. Se diagnosticaron 105 casos de tuberculosis, 6 de los cuales (5,7 por ciento) tenían una neoplasia. Cuatro tuvieron tuberculosis pulmonar, uno pleuropulmonar y otro urinaria. Los dos pacientes con carcinoma broncogénico tuvieron un diagnóstico sincrónico de tuberculosis pulmonar. El diagnóstico de la neoplasia previo al de tuberculosis fue en dos casos (cáncer de mama e hipernefroma), y posterior en otros dos (cáncer de mama y de colon). La mitad de los pacientes fallecieron. En los pacientes con neoplasia la posibilidad de coexistencia de tuberculosis no es despreciable, tanto previo al diagnóstico, concomitantemente, o tras el mismo (AU)

Hipotiroidismo en un paciente con hiperparatiroidismo primario: asociación o coincidencia / Hypothyroidism in a patient with primary hyperparathyroidism: association or coincidence

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[Leydig cell tumor, gynecomastia, and inferior vena cava thrombosis]. / Tumor de células de Leydig, ginecomastia y trombosis de vena cava inferior.

Leydig cell tumor is a testicular tumor with a low incidence characterized by a high estrogens secretion from the tumoral cells. Its more frequent clinical presentation is a testicular nodule with or without other endocrine manifestations due to estrogenic hypersecretion. We're reporting a case of a Leydig cell tumor with high plasmatic levels of estradiol, gynecomastia and inferior cava vein thrombosis, which hasn't been described among its clinical features up to now. Vascular thrombotic phenomenons have already been reported in other clinical situations with hiperestrogesism and they could also be associated with these tumors. Patients with Leydig cell tumors could be at a higher risk of developing thromboembolic phenomenons because of tumoral hyperestrogenism and could present thrombotic complications among the clinical findings.

Tumor de células de ley dig, ginecomastia y trombosis de vena cava inferior / Leydig cell tumor, gynecomastia and inferior cava vein thrombosis

El tumor de células de Leydig es un tumor testicular de baja incidencia caracterizado por la secreción de estrógenos por las células tumorales. Sus manifestaciones clínicas más frecuentes son la presencia de un nódulo testicular acompañado o no de manifestaciones endocrinas secundarias a la hipersecreción estrogénica. Comunicamos un caso de tumor de células de Leydig con elevadas concentraciones plasmáticas de estradiol, ginecomastia y trombosis de la vena cava inferior, que no ha sido descrita como manifestación de estos tumores hasta la actualidad. Los fenómenos trombóticos vasculares se han descrito en otras situaciones clínicas de hiperestrogenismo y también podrían presentarse asociados a estos tumores. Los pacientes con tumores de células de Leydig podrían tener un mayor riesgo de desarrollar fenómenos tromboembólicos secundarios al hiperestrogenismo de origen tumoral y podrían presentar complicaciones trombóticas como manifestación clínica (AU)

Determinants for the development of oropharyngeal colonization or infection by fluconazole-resistant Candida strains in HIV-infected patients.

A point prevalence study to document oral yeast carriage was undertaken. Risk factors for the development of oropharyngeal colonization or infection by fluconazole-resistant Candida strains in HIV-infected patients were investigated with a case-control design. Cases included all patients with fluconazole-resistant strains (MIC> or =64 microg/ml), and controls were those with susceptible (MIC< or =8 microg/ml) or susceptible-dependent-upon-dose (MIC 16-32 microg/ml) strains. One hundred sixty-eight Candida strains were isolated from 153 (88%) patients, 28 (16%) of whom had oropharyngeal candidiasis. Overall, 19 (12%) of the patients harbored at least one resistant organism (MIC > or = 64 microg/ml). Among patients with resistant strains, tuberculosis (P<0.001), esophageal candidiasis (P = 0.001), clinical thrush (P<0.001), and a CD4 + cell count < 200/mm3 (P = 0.03) were more frequent. These patients had also been treated more commonly with antituberculous drugs (adjusted odds ratio [OR] 6.13; 95% confidence interval [CI] 2.11-17.80), ciprofloxacin (OR 6.0; 95% CI 1.23-29.26), fluconazole (OR 4.59; 95% CI 1.55-13.52), and steroids (OR 4.13; 95% CI 1.11-15.39). Multivariate analysis showed that the determinants for fluconazole resistance were therapy with antituberculous drugs (OR 3.61; 95% CI 1.08-12.07; P=0.03) and one of the following: previous tuberculosis (OR 3.53; 95% CI 1.08-14.57; P=0.03) or fluconazole exposure (OR 3.41; 95% CI 1.10-10.54). Findings from this study indicate that treatment with antituberculous drugs, previous tuberculosis, and fluconazole exposure are the strongest determinants for development of oropharyngeal colonization or infection by fluconazole-resistant Candida strains in HIV-infected patients.

[Intraoperative anesthetic management of kidney failure in adult liver transplantation. Conventional hemodialysis]. / Manejo anestésico intraoperatorio del fallo renal en el trasplante hepático del adulto. Hemodiálisis convencional.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate our application of indications, use and benefits of conventional hemodialysis during surgery in patients with advanced liver disease and acute or chronic renal failure undergoing liver transplantation (LP), liver retransplantation (LRT) or combined hepatorenal transplantation (CHRT). PATIENTS AND METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed the cases of 22 patients with advanced liver disease, 11 with acute renal failure and 11 with chronic renal failure. We performed 6 LT, 5 LRT and 11 CHRT. The following data were recorded in the periods before, during and immediately after surgery: metabolic, hemodynamic and coagulation parameters; bicarbonate, calcium and inotropic drug requirements; incidences during reperfusion of the graft; surgical technique used; and survival. RESULTS: Seven patients (32%) needed hemodialysis, 4 (18%) needed ultrafiltration, 7 (32%) needed both and 4 (18%) required neither. For 6 patients total clamping of the inferior vena cava (ICV) was required with external venovenous bypass. For 8 patients total clamping of the IVC was performed without venovenous bypass. For 8 others IVC clamping was partial with retrohepatic preservation (piggy-back). There were 2 deaths during surgery, 4 more within the first month after surgery and 4 more in the second month. Overall survival was 36.4% among acute patients and 72.7% among CHRT patients. CONCLUSIONS: 1) Conventional hemodialysis during surgery is feasible and gives good results; 2) conventional "high efficiency" hemodialysis is more effective and useful in these patients than is either slow, continuous hemodialysis or filtration; 3) the survival rate of CHRT patients is similar to that of patients undergoing LT with normal kidney function, and 4) partial IVC clamping in the anhepatic phase may decrease the need for ultrafiltration.

Assessment of cardiovascular risk factors in menopausal Argentinian women.

The cardiovascular risk factor profile was assessed in a population sample consisting of 60 nonmenopausal (control) and 100 menopausal women from different cities in Buenos Aires Province, Argentina. Each subject was individually interviewed and asked to complete a specially designed questionnaire aimed at identifying cardiovascular risk factors. A clinical general and gynecological examination including blood pressure and anthropometric measurements as well as a Papanicolaou smear were performed. The most prevalent risk factor in the menopausal group was low physical activity (87% of the subjects), followed by nervous complaints (67%), obesity (64%), familial antecedents of cardiovascular disease (CVD; 38%) and hypertension (33%). Other risk factors assessed showed a level of prevalence below 10%. In the control group, a tobacco smoking habit was the CVD risk factor with the highest prevalence (47%). Nervous complaints also showed a high prevalence (48%). Most menopausal patients (77%) had a cardiovascular risk index (RI) level between 1.5 and 4.0, whereas 17% of these subjects had an RI greater than 4.0 (high-risk patients). The present study reveals that, in the studied community, the menopause is associated with increased levels of both estrogen-dependent and psychosocial risk factors for CVD.

[Enteric fever caused by multiresistant Salmonella typhi: 2 autochthonous cases]. / Fiebre entérica por Salmonella typhi multirresistente: 2 casos autóctonos.

BACKGROUND: References about isolation of strains of Salmonella typhi multiply resistant to antimicrobials and native from Spain are very scant. We describe here two cases of typhoid fever produced by two identical strains of Salmonella typhi. Both strains are multiresistant and autochthonous, judging from epidemiological investigations. METHOD: Microbiological diagnosis was made by means of isolation of causative microorganism from blood and stool, in the first case, and only from stool, in the second one. Antimicrobial susceptibility was ascertained using a minimal inhibitory concentration micromethod. RESULTS: Identification of Salmonella enterica ser. typhi and determination of its resistance to many antimicrobials. Native origin of both strains verified by means of epidemiological investigation. Healing achieved in both cases with ciprofloxacin. CONCLUSIONS: We stand out the rarity of isolating native multiresistant strains of Salmonella typhi in our country, as well as the great epidemiological interest of our finding. We think that diagnosis of these diseases must be made by culturing suitable specimens and isolating causal microorganisms, what will us to determine antimicrobial susceptibility. Finally, we emphasize the resolution of the illness with ciprofloxacin. We consider that this third generation quinolone is a suitable alternative in these cases.