32-fs Kerr-lens mode-locked Yb:CaGdAlO4 oscillator optically pumped by a bright fiber laser.

In this study, we report on a pure Kerr-lens mode-locked Yb:CaGdAlO4 oscillator optically pumped by a diffraction-limited fiber laser. At the repetition rate of 96 MHz, several configurations have been studied to achieve either pulse duration of 40 fs with average powers up to the watt level or shorter pulse duration down to 32 fs. To the best of our knowledge, this represents the shortest pulse duration ever achieved with an Yb-doped bulk material and the highest average power for sub-40-fs Kerr-lens mode-locked Yb-bulk oscillator.

High-brightness fiber laser-pumped 68 fs-2.3 W Kerr-lens mode-locked Yb:CaF2 oscillator.

By using a high-brightness fiber pump laser, we demonstrate a pure Kerr-lens mode-locked (ML) Yb:CaF(2) oscillator. The laser delivers 68 fs pulses with 2.3 W average power at 73 MHz repetition rate and an optical-to-optical efficiency of 33% is achieved. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first demonstration of Kerr-lens mode-locking in Yb:CaF(2). Incidentally, we report here the highest average power ever achieved for a sub-100-fs active Kerr-lens ML Yb-bulk oscillator.

Brillouin induced self-heterodyne technique for narrow line width measurement.

A novel technique is introduced for jitter-insensitive sub-KHz resolution linewidth characterization technique in ultra-narrow lasers for optical communication applications. The technique is based on self-heterodyne detection induced by Stimulated Brillouin Scattering (SBS). Non linear SBS drives the heterodyne mixing through optical frequency locking of a narrow tunable laser source and the signal under test, which is modulated in the low frequency range. Due to SBS nature, jitter variations in the optical frequency do not affect the correlation spectra measured with resolution figures up to 300 Hz, without the need for optical delay line as in conventional homodyne correlation techniques.

[Estimation of vitamin supplements and minerals consumption dispensed through pharmacy offices in the province of Las Palmas]. / Estimación del consumo de suplementos vitamínicos y minerales dispensados a través de las oficinas de farmacia de la provincia de Las Palmas.

BACKGROUND: Vitamin supplements and minerals consumption (SPM) is increasing in occidental societies due to the growing concern about health by the population. OBJECTIVES: To have a initial approaching to the to SPM consumption in the Province of Las Palmas through 2000 and 2001. To identify SPM proportions that are dispensed as pharmaceutical specialities and those who are sold as parapharmacy products. Finally, to describe the evolution of this consumption throughout a year. METHOD: The information was obtained through the list of the whole pharmaceutical specialities and parapharmacy products through 2000 and 2001 who have at least a vitamin in its composition and/or a mineral. RESULTS: Usually, 297 pharmaceutical specialities and 216 parapharmacy products are currently being sold. Pharmaceutical specialities comprised 65.6% of the whole products sold and within them, vitamins were the most dispensed (41.5%). Regarding parapharmacy products, vitamins and minerals compounds were the products more sold (34.6%). Comparing to 2000, during 2001 there was a statistically significant increase in the consumption of parapharmacy products, remaining without changes the use of pharmaceutical specialities. CONCLUSION: On the basis of sold XX SPM consumption seems to be due mainly by pharmaceutical specialities rather than parapharmacy products. Nevertheless through 2001 there was an increase only in the parapharmacy products.

Estimación del consumo de suplementos vitamínicos y minerales dispensados a través de las oficinas de farmacia de la provincia de Las Palmas / Estimation of vitamin supplements and minerals consumption dispensed through pharmacy offices in the province of Las Palmas

Fundamento: El consumo de suplementos polivitamínicos y minerales (SPM) está aumentado en las sociedades occidentales como consecuencia de la preocupación de la población por la salud. Objetivos: Tener una primera aproximación al consumo de SPM en la provincia de Las Palmas en los 2000 y 2001. Identificar las proporciones de SPM que son dispensados como especialidades farmacéuticas y los que lo hacen como productos de parafarmacia. Describir cual es la tendencia evolutiva en el consumo de estos SPM en el período de un año. Método: La información se obtuvo de los listados de ventas de todas las especialidades farmacéuticas y productos de parafarmacia de los años 2000 y 2001, que contienen en su composición al menos una vitaminay/o un mineral. Resultados: habitualmente se dispensan 297 especialidades farmacéuticas y 216 productos de parafarmacia. Las especialidades farmacéuticas constituyeron el 65,6% de las ventas y entre ellas, las vitaminas resultaron ser las más dispensadas (41,5%). En las especialidades de parafarmacia, las más vendidas fueron los compuestos de vitaminas y minerales (34,6%). Con respecto al año 2000, en el año 2001 se produjo un aumento estadísticamente significativo en el consumo de productos de parafarmacia, permaneciendo estable el de las especialidades farmacéuticas. Conclusión: en base a las ventas realizadas, en la provincia de Las Palmas el consumo de SPM parece realizarse mayoritariamente por medio de especialidades farmacéuticas y en menor grado mediante productos de parafarmacia. Sin embargo, en el período 2000-2001, se observó un incremento del consumo sólo en los productos de parafarmacia

Background: Vitamin supplements and minerals consumption (SPM) is increasing in occidental societies due to the growing concern abouthealth by the population. Objectives: To have a initial approaching to the to SPM consumption in the Province of Las Palmas through 2000 and 2001. To identify SPM proportions that are dispensed as pharmaceutical specialities and those who are sold as parapharmacy products. Finally, to describe the evolution of this consumption throughout a year. Method: The information was obtained through the list of the whole pharmaceutical specialities and parapharmacy products through 200 and 2001 who have at least a vitamin in its composition and/or a mineral. Results: Usually, 297 pharmaceutical specialities and 216 parapharmacy products are currently being sold. Pharmaceutical specialities comprised 65.6% of the whole products sold and within them, vitamins were the most dispensed (41.5%). Regarding parapharmacy products, vitamins and minerals compounds were the products more sold (34.6%). Comparing to 2000, during 2001 there was a statistically significant increase in the consumption of parapharmacy products, remaining without changes the use of pharmaceutical specialities. Conclusion: On the basis of sold XX SPM consumption seems to bedue mainly by pharmaceutical specialities rather than parapharmacy products. Nevertheless through 2001 there was an increase only in theparapharmacy products

Ingestión actual de calcio a partir de los lácteos en la población canaria de 6 a 75 años de edad. Datos de la encuesta nutricional canaria (ENCA) / Present intake jof calcium from lactic products in the 6 to 75 year old Canary islands population. Data form the Canary islands nutrituional survey (ENCA)

Fundamento. Una adecuada ingesta de calcio es necesaria para la obtención del pico de masa ósea y la prevención de la osteoporosis. La ingesta de calcio varía notablemente dependiendo de factores como la edad, el género, la geografía e incluso factores culturales, entre muchos otros. El objetivo de este estudio ha sido el estimar cuál es la ingestión media de calcio a partir de leche o productos lácteos en la población canaria de ambos géneros de entre 6 y 75 años de edad. Material y métodos. Encuesta Nutricional Canaria (ENCA) efectuada a 1.747 sujetos, 831 varones (47,6 por ciento) y 916 mujeres (52,4 por ciento) canarios. Resultados. La ingestión media de calcio a partir de leche o productos lácteos en la población canaria es de 881,5 ñ 510,9 mg diarios, siendo en el varón de 884,2 ñ 526,9 mg/día y en la mujer de 879,1 ñ 496,1 mg/día. Al analizar la misma por género y grupos de edad se observaron que los segmentos que presentaron una mayor ingestión de calcio fueron en los varones el de 11 a 17 años con una media de 1.064,2 ñ 522,2 mg/día y en las mujeres el de 50-64 años con una media de 924,1 ñ 469,3 mg/día. El consumo de productos desnatados fue superior en las mujeres que en los varones. En la provincia de Las Palmas la ingestión de calcio fue mayor que en la de Sta. Cruz de Tenerife. Conclusiones. De acuerdo con las ingestas dietéticas recomendadas (IDR) para la población española, el aporte de calcio en la población canaria a partir de lácteos es adecuado en general, pero con un aumento del riesgo de ingesta deficiente en el grupo de edad superior a 50 años, en particular en las mujeres. Hasta los 35 años de edad, los varones consumen más calcio que las mujeres (AU)

[Anthropometric values and cardiovascular risk factors in Canary Islands (1997-98)]. / Valores antropométricos y factores de riesgo cardiovascular en las Islas Canarias (1997-98).

OBJECTIVE: To know the distribution of certain anthropometric parameters and cardiovascular risk factors: hypercholesterolemia, arterial hypertension, obesity, sedentary lifestyle, smoking and diabetes mellitus in the population of the Canary Islands. DESIGN: Epidemiological, cross-sectional study, with description of prevalence. SUBJECTS: 1365 individuals from de Canary Islands: 637 males (45.9%) and 738 females (54.1%) aged 18 to 75 years. RESULTS: In the Canary Islands obesity was found in 18.6% of the population, 14.3% males and 22.3% females. The prevalence of hypercholesterolemia was 30.4%, with an average serum cholesterol level of 213.1 mg/dl in males and 218.7 mg/dl in females. 63.1% of the population declared to have a sedentary lifestyle. In the population between 18 and 75 years old, the prevalence of hypercholesterolemia was 30.4%. CONCLUSIONS: The Canary Islands show a high prevalence of obesity compared to other Spanish data and low if we compare it with Latin American countries. The average and prevalent serum cholesterol levels are higher than those described in the rest of Spain and Latin America. The prevalence of a sedentary lifestyle during spare time is similar to the average of our country and lower than the one described in Latin America.

Different coordination modes of a tripod phosphine in gold(i) and silver(i) complexes.

The following gold(I) and silver(I) complexes of the tritertiary phosphine 1,1,1- tris(diphenylphosphinomethyl)ethane, tripod , have been synthesised: Au(3)(tripod)X(3) [X = Cl(1), Br(2), I(3)]; [Au(3)(tripod)(2)Cl(2)]Cl (4); Au(tripod)X [X = Br(5), I(6)]; Ag(3)(tripod) (NO(3))(4) (7), Ag(tripod)NO(3) (8). They were characterized by X-ray diffraction (complexes 2, 3 and 4), (31)P NMR spectroscopy, electrospray and FAB mass spectrometry and infrared spectroscopy. Complexes 2 and 3 show a linear coordination geometry for Au(I), with relatively short Au-P bond distances. Complex 3 has a Au***Au intramolecular distance of 3.326 A degrees , while complex 2 had a short Au***Au intermolecular interaction of 3.048 A degrees . Complexes 4-6 were found by (31)P NMR spectroscopy studies to contain a mixture of species in solution, one of which crystallised as [Au(3)(tripod|)(2)Cl(2)]Cl which was shown by X-ray diffraction to contain both tetrahedral and linear Au(I), the first example of a Au(I) complex containing such a mixture of geometries. The reaction of [Au(3) (tripod)Cl(3)] (1) with tripod led successfully to the formation of [Au(3)(tripod|)(2)Cl(2)](+) and [Au(3)(tripod)(2)Cl(3)](+) and [Au(3)(tripod|)(3)Cl](2+). The silver(I) complexes, 7 and 8 appear to contain linear and tetrahedral Ag(I), respectively.