ABSTRACT
The structure of normal and pathological intestine epithelium and its endocrine function in young and old age were investigated. Melatonin expression of epitheliocytes decreased in elderly people as compared to young people at normal and pathological station. The results demonstrate the main role of melatonin in the mechanisms of aging and development of gastrointestinal pathology.
Subject(s)
Aging , Intestinal Diseases/metabolism , Intestinal Mucosa/metabolism , Intestines/pathology , Melatonin/metabolism , Adult , Aged , Humans , Intestinal Diseases/pathology , Intestinal Mucosa/pathology , Middle AgedABSTRACT
In this study the molecular mechanisms of pancreoprotective action of researched tetrapeptide H-Lys-Glu-Asp-Trp-NH2 in aging pancreatic cells of a human were investigated. It is established that the studied tetrapeptide increases the expression of matrix metalloproteinase MMP2, MMP9, serotonin, glycoprotein CD79alpha, antiapoptotic protein Mcl1, proliferation markers PCNA and Ki67 and decreases the expression of proapoptotic protein p53 in aged pancreatic cell cultures. Thus, the capability to activate the expression of signaling molecules--markers of functional activity of pancreatic cells lies behind the clinical effect of studied tetrapeptide observing in elderly patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Subject(s)
Cellular Senescence/drug effects , Oligopeptides/pharmacology , Pancreas/drug effects , Apoptosis/drug effects , Cell Culture Techniques , Cell Line , Cellular Senescence/physiology , Humans , Myeloid Cell Leukemia Sequence 1 Protein , Pancreas/cytology , Pancreas/enzymology , Pancreas/metabolism , Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2/biosynthesis , Tumor Suppressor Protein p53/biosynthesisABSTRACT
The review presents the interference between thymus and pineal gland during their involution. The research data of thymus peptides influence on pineal gland and pineal peptides on thymus are summarized. Analysis of these data showed that pineal peptides (Epithalamin, Epitalon) had more effective geroprotective effect on thymus involution in comparison with geroprotective effect of thymic peptides (Thymalin, Thymogen) on involution of pineal gland. The key mechanisms of pineal peptides effect on thymus dystrophy is immunoendocrine cooperation, which is realized as transcription's activation of various proteins.
Subject(s)
Aging/physiology , Pineal Gland/physiology , Thymus Gland/physiology , Aging/drug effects , Aging/metabolism , Animals , Dipeptides/metabolism , Dipeptides/pharmacology , Dipeptides/physiology , Humans , Neuroimmunomodulation/drug effects , Neuroimmunomodulation/physiology , Oligopeptides/metabolism , Oligopeptides/pharmacology , Oligopeptides/physiology , Peptides/metabolism , Peptides/pharmacology , Peptides/physiology , Thymus Gland/metabolism , Thymus Hormones/metabolism , Thymus Hormones/pharmacology , Thymus Hormones/physiologyABSTRACT
The interference between thymus and pineal gland during their involution is considered in this review. The research data about influence of thymus peptides on pineal gland and pineal peptides on thymus is summarized. Analysis of these data showed that pineal peptides (epithalamin, epitalon) had more effective geroprotective effect on thymus involution in comparison with geroprotective effect of thymic peptides (thymalin, thymogen) on involution of pineal gland. The key mechanisms of pineal peptides effect on thymus dystrophy is immunoendocrine cooperation, which is realized as transcription's activation of various proteins.
Subject(s)
Aging/metabolism , Peptide Hormones/metabolism , Pineal Gland/metabolism , Thymus Gland/metabolism , Adjuvants, Immunologic/metabolism , Aging/immunology , Animals , Endocrine Surgical Procedures/adverse effects , Hormone Replacement Therapy , Humans , Melatonin/metabolism , Melatonin/therapeutic use , Models, Animal , Peptide Hormones/therapeutic use , Pineal Gland/surgery , Postoperative Complications/etiology , Postoperative Complications/therapy , Thymus Extracts/therapeutic use , Thymus Gland/surgeryABSTRACT
The influence of gamma-radiation on morphofunctional state of thymus is rather like as natural thymus aging. However gamma-radiation model of thymus aging widely used to investigate geroprotectors has many shortcomings and limitations. Gamma-radiation can induce irreversible changes in thymus very often. These changes are more intensive in comparison with changes, which can be observed at natural thymus aging. Low intensive laser radiation can not destroy structure of thymus and its effects are rather like as natural thymus aging in comparison with gamma-radiation effects. There are many parameters of low intensive laser radiation, which can be changed to improve morphofunctional thymus characteristics in aging model. Using low intensive laser radiation in thymus aging model can be very perspective for investigations of aging immune system.
