ABSTRACT
Condyloma acuminata is a virally mediated epithelial overgrowth caused by the human papilloma virus. Its simplest form is the common wart, which may occur almost anywhere on the body surface. Its papillary lesion forms are commonly seen in the genital, perineal, and anal areas, though it also infects the conjunctiva, nose, mouth, larynx, and tracheo-bronchial tree. Malignant degeneration may occur in any of these areas. Diagnosis is established by clinical impression and biopsy. Immunoassay methods exist but are simply indicative of the presence of infection and are not useful in predicting the course of the disease. Many treatment modalities exist and all work well for minor lesions. For large lesions such as the giant condyloma acuminata, also known as the Buschke-Lowenstein lesion, only radical surgical extirpation is considered to be appropriate treatment. This case report, as well as others referenced in this study, documents the extreme complexity of management of many of these lesions and the fatal outcome of this disease process in a significant number of cases.
Subject(s)
Condylomata Acuminata , Rectal Diseases , Adult , Condylomata Acuminata/diagnosis , Condylomata Acuminata/therapy , Disease Progression , Humans , Male , Rectal Diseases/diagnosis , Rectal Diseases/therapy , Sexually Transmitted Diseases, Viral/diagnosis , Sexually Transmitted Diseases, Viral/therapyABSTRACT
Depressed, schizophrenic, and well low-income, African-American women were studied in an effort to extend previous hypotheses of the association between depression and the two personality constructs of low self-esteem and externality to this population. Subjects were 113 low income African-American women including 26 who had been diagnosed as depressed, 54 diagnosed as schizophrenic, and 33 well women. Locus of control was measured with the Adult Nowicki-Strickland Internal-External Control Scale (Nowicki & Duke, 1974). Self-esteem was measured with the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (Rosenberg, 1965). Contrary to predictions, a diagnosis of schizophrenia, but not depression, was associated with more external locus of control. For self-esteem, severity of disturbance, rather than diagnosis, seemed to be of primary importance. Also, lower self-esteem scores were correlated significantly with higher levels of externality for both depressed and schizophrenic women but not for well controls. The present study indicates that self-esteem and locus of control are related to depression differently in low socio-economic status (SES) African-American women than in previously studied middle SES depressed whites. The findings emphasize the need for more normative studies to clarify the complex relations among SES, race, emotional disturbance, self-esteem, and locus of control.
Subject(s)
Black or African American/psychology , Depressive Disorder/psychology , Internal-External Control , Poverty/psychology , Self Concept , Urban Population , Adult , Depressive Disorder/diagnosis , Depressive Disorder/ethnology , Female , Humans , Personality Inventory , Schizophrenia/diagnosis , Schizophrenia/ethnology , Schizophrenic Psychology , Southeastern United StatesABSTRACT
This paper reports data on reliability and validity of the Role Functioning Scale (RFS) a measure of level of functioning of adults in four domains. Psychometric properties were tested on an inner city sample of 112 psychiatrically disturbed and well, predominantly African-American, low-income mothers of young children. The RFS has good interitem, test-retest, and interrater reliability. The four scales and global RFS Index discriminated accurately between well and disturbed subjects. The Global RFS Index was significantly correlated with self-esteem and degree of disturbance. Individual scales demonstrated predicted relationships with quality of child-rearing and other independent behavioral indices. Results are discussed in terms of the unique information provided by the RFS and its potential contribution to treatment planning.
