ABSTRACT
PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to assess the knowledge, attitudes, and practices among providers and patients regarding hearing impairment and screening referrals in people with diabetes. METHODS: A cross-sectional survey design among health care providers and patients at an academic medical center in Oklahoma was used to gather knowledge, attitudes, and practices data. RESULTS: Only 25.6% of providers selected hearing impairment as a complication of diabetes, whereas 96.7% selected retinopathy, kidney dysfunction, and foot infection. Reported barriers to referring patients for hearing impairment screenings were being unfamiliar with recommended screening frequency (57.3%) and existence of higher priorities (35.4%). When asked to select parts of the body affected by diabetes, 21.0% of patients surveyed selected ears, 88.0% selected feet, and 85.0% selected eyes and kidneys. Fewer patients reported being told hearing impairment is a complication of diabetes compared to retinopathy (8.1% vs 85.9%). Additionally, 24.2% of patients reported having a hearing impairment screening, and 96.0% reported having a dilated eye exam. CONCLUSIONS: Most providers and patients at an academic medical center are unaware of the relationship between diabetes and hearing impairment. Providers reported there are several barriers that need to be overcome to refer patients to audiologists.
Subject(s)
Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice , Hearing Loss , Humans , Cross-Sectional Studies , Male , Female , Hearing Loss/epidemiology , Middle Aged , Adult , Aged , Health Personnel/psychology , Diabetes Complications/epidemiology , Diabetes Complications/psychology , Diabetes Mellitus/epidemiology , Diabetes Mellitus/psychology , Oklahoma/epidemiology , Referral and Consultation , Mass ScreeningABSTRACT
Objective To review the current literature available regarding the efficacy and safety of the 20-valent pneumococcal vaccine in older people and summarize the current recommendation for use in this patient population. Data Sources PubMed was searched using the following terms: (PCV20 [Title] or 20-valent [Title] or 20-valent Pneumococcal conjugate vaccine [Title]) and English (Language). The current recommendations from the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices and manufacturer package inserts were also reviewed. Study Selection/Data Extraction Nine articles on 20-valent Pneumococcal vaccine were identified based on the above search terms. Those selected for inclusion were randomized control trials including primary or subgroup analysis of PCV20 in older people. Data Synthesis Two randomized controlled trials have assessed the immunogenicity and safety of PCV20 in adults 65 years of age and older, one in a population previously vaccinated with PPSV23 and one in a vaccine-naive population. Both trials demonstrated PCV20 elicited a robust immune response one month after vaccination. PCV20 was well-tolerated with adverse events similar to earlier Pneumococcal vaccine formulations. Conclusion The simplified Pneumococcal vaccine regimen of a singular PCV20 vaccination offers a compelling advancement. Longer-term studies are needed to show if PCV20 will improve vaccination rates and reduce Pneumococcal morbidity and mortality.
