Physiological quality assessment of stored whole blood by means of electrical measurements.

The physiological parameters of blood such as extracellular Na(+), K(+), Cl(-), pH, 2,3-DPG and ATP and the complex electrical impedance were measured using whole blood samples from 31 male donors (21 donors form the training set and ten donors were used for testing), on the 0th, 10th and 21st day of blood bank storage. During storage, while the extracellular fluid resistance (R(e)) and the intracellular fluid resistance (R (i)) decreased progressively with time, the effective cell membrane capacitance (C(m)) has increased. Blood bank storage resulted in a rise in K(+) and a fall in Na(+), Cl(-), pH, 2,3-DPG and ATP. Accordingly, all electrical parameters correlated with Na(+), K(+), Cl(-), pH and ATP, at varying levels. By applying the multi-regression analysis, it was demonstrated that R (i), R (e) and especially C (m) were appropriate for the assessment of Na(+), K(+), Cl(-), pH and ATP until the 21st day of storage.

Storage effects on the Cole-Cole parameters of erythrocyte suspensions.

Chemical alterations of red blood cells (RBCs) during storage eventually affect the electrical properties of blood. In this study, the physiological parameters such as extracellular (SAGM + CPD + residual plasma) Na(+), K(+), Cl(-), pH, 2,3-DPG and ATP together with the Cole-Cole parameters were measured using erythrocyte suspensions from 51 male donors (31 donors form the training set and 20 donors are used for testing), on the 0th, 10th, 21st, 35th and 42nd days of storage. During storage, while the surrounding fluid resistance (R(e)) and the effective cell membrane capacitance (C(m)) increased progressively with time, the intracellular fluid resistance (R(i)) has decreased. Storage of RBCs resulted in a rise in K(+) and a fall in Na(+), Cl(-), pH, 2,3-DPG and ATP. Accordingly, electrical parameters were all correlated with Na(+), K(+), Cl(-), pH and ATP at varying levels. By applying multi-regression analysis, it is concluded that R(i), R(e) and C(m) are appropriate for modeling Na(+), K(+), Cl(-), pH and ATP during storage.