ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Docetaxel is one of the most promising new drugs against squamous-cell carcinoma of the head and neck (SCCHN), while cisplatin is one of the most active single agents. A phase I study has shown the feasibility of the combination of the two drugs, and activity in SCCHN has been seen. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Patients with locally advanced, inoperable, or metastatic SCCHN, never pretreated with radiotherapy or chemotherapy, received three courses of docetaxel 75 mg/m2 and cisplatin 100 mg/m2, every three weeks. Thereafter, responsive metastatic patients received additional chemotherapy, while patients with locally advanced disease underwent radiation therapy. RESULTS: Forty-six patients (forty-five with locally advanced, one with metastatic disease) were entered into the study. Ten patients did not complete three courses of chemotherapy because of early death; one patient discontinued treatment after one course. Twenty-one objective responses were observed (46%, 95% confidence interval (CI): 31%-60%), including five complete responses (11%) and sixteen partial responses (35%). Following induction chemotherapy plus radiation therapy, 9 of 21 evaluable patients were rendered disease free, while 8 additional patients had a partial response. After a median follow-up of 18 months, the median duration of response was 12 months, (range 3-25+), and the median overall survival was 11 months. Six early deaths were considered possibly treatment-related (sepsis following grade 4 neutropenia in two cases, hypovolemic shock following severe diarrhea in four cases). Neutropenia was the most severe toxicity (grade 3-4 in 28 patients, median duration 4 days); diarrhea and vomiting were the most troublesome non-haematologic toxicities (grade 4 in 4 and 3 patients, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: The combination of docetaxel and cisplatin is active in SCCHN, but toxicity is substantial. This schedule does not appear to offer any advantage compared with conventional regimens.
Subject(s)
Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/therapeutic use , Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/drug therapy , Head and Neck Neoplasms/drug therapy , Taxoids , Adult , Aged , Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/mortality , Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/pathology , Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/secondary , Cisplatin/administration & dosage , Disease-Free Survival , Docetaxel , Female , Head and Neck Neoplasms/mortality , Head and Neck Neoplasms/pathology , Humans , Italy , Male , Middle Aged , Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/drug therapy , Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/mortality , Paclitaxel/administration & dosage , Paclitaxel/analogs & derivatives , Prognosis , Survival Rate , Treatment OutcomeABSTRACT
Rhus vernicifera laccase (Japanese) was deglycosylated by treating it with exo- and endoglycosidases. In absence of unfolding agents deglycosylation does not exceed 32% while in denaturating conditions only 10% of saccharides are not digested. In the former case specific activity seems to be directly related to the amount of the residual carbohydrates. After deglycosylation in denaturing conditions the modified enzyme exhibits an electrophoretic component of about 60-65 Kd. A stabilizing effect of saccharide moiety on the catalytic site of native laccase was demonstrated. Antiserum raised against the enzyme recognized native Japanese, Vietnamese as well as deglycosylated laccase indicating that the two isoforms are immunologically similar.