E-Nose and e-Tongue combination for improved recognition of fruit juice samples.

There are many important challenges related to food security analysis by application of chemical and electrochemical sensors. One critical parameter is the development of reliable tools, capable of performing an overall sensory analysis. In these systems, as much information as possible is required in relation to smell, taste and colour. Here, we investigated the possibility of using a multisensor data fusion approach, which combines an e-Nose and an e-Tongue, adept in generating combined aroma and taste profiles. In order to shed light on this concept, classification of various Tunisian fruit juices using a low-level of abstraction data fusion technique was attempted. Five tin oxide-based Taguchi Gas Sensors were applied in the e-Nose instrument and the e-Tongue was designed using six potentiometric sensors. Four different commercial brands along with eleven fruit juice varieties were characterised using the e-Nose and the e-Tongue as individual techniques, followed by a combination of the two together. Applying Principal Component Analysis (PCA) separately on the respective e-Nose and e-Tongue data, only few distinct groups were discriminated. However, by employing the low-level of abstraction data fusion technique, very impressive findings were achieved. The Fuzzy ARTMAP neural network reached a 100% success rate in the recognition of the eleven-fruit juices. Therefore, data fusion approach can successfully merge individual data from multiple origins to draw the right conclusions that are more fruitful when compared to the original single data. Hence, this work has demonstrated that data fusion strategy used to combine e-Nose and e-Tongue signals led to a system of complementary and comprehensive information of the fruit juices which outperformed the performance of each instrument when applied separately.

[Chronic septic granulomatosis in a young girl manifesting as invasive pulmonary aspergillosis and flaccid paraplegia]. / Granulomatose septique chronique chez une fillette revelee par une aspergilose pulmonaire invasive et une paraplegie flasque.

UNLABELLED: The invasive Pulmonary Aspergillosis (IPA) is the principal cause of death in patients with chronic granulomatosis disease (CGD). It can happen before age of one and can reveal the (CGD). Usually, the transmission of GSD is linked to x in 65% of cases. We report, the case of a girl aged 3 years issued from consanguine marriage referred to hospital for hemoptysia. We note that at 40 days she presents an suppurate adenitis. She is hypotrophic at--3DS without respiratory problem, she have a splenomegaly. The radiography chest note an alveolar and interstitial opacity bilateral, apical right and basal left. There is a biological inflammatory syndrome. During the evolution, the child presents a paraplegia secondary to compression myelitis. A D5 laminectomy in urgency was done. The vertebral Biopsia, the serology and the culture isolate fumigatus aspergillus the GCD is evoqued confirmed by the NBT test who was negative. IN CONCLUSION: --We have to look for GCD in front of pulmonary aspergillus.--The vertebra lesion is secondary to pulmonary lesion.--Our observation is noticeable by the recessive autosomal transmission who was seen in 35% of cases, and by the neurologic complication rarely reported.