Trimming Crystallizable Fragment (Fc) Glycans Enables the Direct Enzymatic Transfer of Biomacromolecules to Antibodies as Therapeutics.

Glycoengineering has provided powerful tools to construct site-specific antibody conjugates. However, only small-molecule payloads can be directly transferred to native or engineered antibodies using existing glycoengineering strategies. Herein, we demonstrate that reducing the complexity of crystallizable fragment (Fc) glycans could dramatically boost the chemoenzymatic modification of immunoglobulin G (IgG) via an engineered fucosyltransferase. In this platform, antibodies with Fc glycans engineered to a simple N-acetyllactosamine (LacNAc) disaccharide are successfully conjugated to biomacromolecules, such as oligonucleotides and nanobodies, in a single step within hours. Accordingly, we synthesized an antibody-conjugate-based anti-human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)/ cluster of differentiation 3 (CD3) bispecific antibody and used it to selectively destroy patient-derived cancer organoids by reactivating endogenous T lymphocyte cells (T cells) inside the organoid. Our results highlight that this platform is a general approach to construct antibody-biomacromolecule conjugates with translational values.

A simplified protein purification method through nickel cleavage of the recombinant protein from the Escherichia coli cell surface.

To simplify the protein purification process, we developed a novel one-step purification method in which the recombinant protein can be cleaved directly from the Escherichia coli cell surface. This method involves fusion of the target protein to the C-terminus of a LOS tag comprising a surface anchor protein (Lpp-OmpA) and a sequence-specific nickel-assisted cleavage (SNAC)-tag. The LOS tag facilitates the anchoring of the target protein to the outer membrane of E. coli cells and its separation from the cell membrane through Ni2+ cleavage. Intact, biologically active protein with a purity of 95% and a yield of approximately 100 mg per liter of culture can be readily obtained through Ni2+ cleavage in resuspension solution followed by centrifugation. In this study, a practical and promising protein purification method has been established with minimal labor and cost, as no cell disruption and chromatographic separation are required downstream.

Access to Alkyl-Substituted Lactone via Photoredox-Catalyzed Alkylation/Lactonization of Unsaturated Carboxylic Acids.

An efficient photoredox-catalyzed alkylation/lactonization reaction of unsaturated carboxylic acids by using alkyl N-hydroxyphthalimide esters as alkylation reagents has been developed. Varieties of redox-active esters derived from aliphatic carboxylic acids were proved viable in this method, affording alkyl substituted lactones in moderate to good yields. This redox-neutral procedure features mild conditions and operational simplicity, which provides a new strategy for the synthesis of alkyl substituted lactones.

Photoredox-Catalyzed Cascade Difluoroalkylation and Intramolecular Cyclization for Construction of Fluorinated γ-Butyrolactones.

A cascade visible-light photocatalytic difluoroalkylation and intramolecular cyclization reaction has been developed for the synthesis of difluoroalkylated oxygen heterocycles. The reaction was carried out under very mild conditions, affording fluorinated isobenzofuran-1-ones, lactone, and cyclic ethers with up to 97% chemical yields. Furthermore, several types of bromofluoroalkane precursors bearing ester, keto, amido, and phosphate groups could all work very well in this reaction, which provides an easy method for the preparation of functionalized difluoroalkylated oxygen heterocycles.

Catalytic cascade aldol-cyclization of tertiary ketone enolates for enantioselective synthesis of keto-esters with a C-F quaternary stereogenic center.

The first asymmetric catalytic aldol-cyclization reaction of detrifluoroacetylatively in situ generated enolates with methyl 2-formylbenzoate is reported. This reaction tolerates a wide range of substrates, affording fluorinated quaternary stereogenic α,α-dialkyl/cyclo-alkyl-ß-ketoesters with good yields, high diastereo- (94% de) and enantioselectivity (96% ee) at room temperature.

Detrifluoroacetylative in Situ Generation of Free 3-Fluoroindolin-2-one-Derived Tertiary Enolates: Design, Synthesis, and Assessment of Reactivity toward Asymmetric Mannich Reactions.

The discovery of detrifluoroacetylative in situ generation of a new type of fluorinated amide enolates derived from 3-fluoroindolin-2-one and their asymmetric Mannich additions with sulfinylaldimines bearing fluoroalkyl groups is reported, which afforded α-fluoro-ß-(fluoroalkyl)-ß-aminoindolin-2-ones containing C-F quaternary stereogenic centers with excellent yields and high diastereoselectivities.

N-Iodosuccinimide-Promoted Cascade Trifunctionalization of Alkynoates: Access to 1,1-Diiodoalkenes.

An efficient cascade trifunctioalization reaction of alkynoates with N-iodosuccinimide has been developed which proceeds through iodination, aryl migration, decarboxylation, and second iodination. This reaction represents an example of 1,1-difunctionalization of the acetylene bond and also provides a new strategy for the preparation of 1,1-diiodoalkenes.

The benzoyl peroxide-promoted functionalization of simple alkanes with 2-aryl phenyl isonitrile.

The benzoyl peroxide (BPO)-promoted phenanthridinylation of simple alkanes with isonitrile is developed via C(sp(3))-H and C(sp(2))-H bond cleavage. This procedure is featured by dual C-C bond formation proceeding with the addition of an alkyl radical to isonitrile followed by radical aromatic cyclization.

The benzoyl peroxide promoted dual C-C bond formation via dual C-H bond cleavage: α-phenanthridinylation of ether by isocyanide.

The benzoyl peroxide-promoted α-phenanthridinylation of ether by isocyanide is developed, proceeding through dual C-H bond cleavage and dual C-C bond formation. The procedure tolerates a series of functional groups, such as methyl, fluoro, chloro, acetyl, methoxy carbonyl, cyano, and trifluoromethyl. Thus, it represents a facile pathway leading to 6-substituted phenanthridine derivatives. The addition of radical to the isonitrile followed by a radical aromatic cyclization is involved in this transformation.