Moringa oleifera leaves extract loaded gold nanoparticles offers a promising approach in protecting against experimental nephrotoxicity.

Cisplatin is one of the most important antitumor drugs, however; it has numerous adverse effects like nephrotoxicity which is considered one of cisplatin uses . The study was planned to evaluate the nephroprotective effect of M. oleifera leaves extract loaded gold nanoparticles (Au-NPs) against cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity in rats. Initially, total phenolic contents (TPC) and the antioxidant activity of the M. oleifera leaves extract were evaluated and recorded 8.50 mg/g and 39.89 % respectively. After that, the dry leaves of M. oleifera were grinded into fine powder and extracted using water extraction system. Then, different volumes (0.5, 1 and 2 mL) of M. Oleifera were blended with constant volume of Au-NPs (1 mL). Both Au-NPs and M. oleifera extract loaded Au-NPs were investigated using transmission electron microscope (TEM) that illustrated the deposition of M. Oleifera onto Au-NPs. The experimental study was performed on seventy male albino rats alienated into seven groups. Group I healthy rats, group II injected with one dose of cisplatin (CisPt), groups from III to VII treated groups received CisPt then received M. Oleifera leaves extract alone and /or Au-NPs with different ratios and concentrations. After the experiment' time, serum urea and creatinine, kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1), advanced oxidation protein products (AOPP), monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), tumor necrotic factor-α (TNF-α), and interleukin-6 (IL-6) were evaluated as markers of renal nephrotoxicity. The kidneys of rats were excised for malondialdehyde (MDA), nitric oxide (NO), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) assessments. Induction of CisPt showed a highly significant disturbance in oxidant/anti-oxidant balance and inducing inflammatory cascades supporting nephrotoxicity, while treatment with M. Oleifera leaves extract, Au-NPs, and the different concentrations of the extract loaded on Au-NPs had a crucial role in attenuating oxidative stress, enhancing antioxidant systems, and reducing inflammatory biomarkers, although the most significant results showed a powerful scavenging activity against nephrotoxicity induced by CisPt was obtained with M. Oleifera leaves extract loaded on Au-NPs with a concentration of 2:1 respectively.

Functionalization of cotton fabrics with titanium oxide doped silver nanoparticles: Antimicrobial and UV protection activities.

The target of our current work was designed to prepare titanium oxide doped silver nanoparticles (Ag/TiO2 NPs) and their impact on the functionalization of cotton fabrics. Additionally, the effect of Ag/TiO2 NPs was compared with the individually prepared silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) and titanium oxide nanoparticles (TiO2 NPs). In this work, AgNPs were prepared in the solid state using arabic gum as efficient stabilizing and reducing agent. Then, two concentrations of the as-synthesized nanoparticles were used to functionalize the cotton fabrics by pad-dry-cure treatment in the presence of fixing agent to increase the durability of treated cotton fabrics against vigorous washing cycles. The findings implied that the as-prepared nanoparticles were successfully synthesized in nano-size with spherical shape and homogeneity. The efficacy of the functionalized cotton fabrics with those nanoparticles were evaluated in terms of multifunctional properties including antimicrobial and ultraviolet protection factor (UPF) and the mechanical features before and after many washing cycles; 10, 15 and 20 times. The resultant also proved that Ag/TiO2 NPs-treated cotton fabrics exhibited the greater values of both antimicrobial and UPF properties with enhancement in the tensile strength and elongation features. Thus, the combination between these two nanoparticles through doping reaction is suitable for imparting superior antimicrobial properties against the four tested microbial species (Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Candida albicans, and Aspergillus niger) and good UPF properties. Depending on the promising obtained results of the multi-finishing fabrics, these nanoparticles of Ag/TiO2 NPs can be applied for the production of an efficient medical clothes for doctors, nurses and bed sheets for patients in order to kill and prevent the spread of bacteria and then, reduce the transmission of infection to others.

Multifarious cellulosic through innovation of highly sustainable composites based on Moringa and other natural precursors.

Innovative composites processed using sorted out and characterized precursors from nature were formulated, synthesized then applied to cotton cellulose in the fabric form to confer on the cellulose multifunctional performance properties. Precursors embrace Moringa oleifera leaves aqueous and alcoholic extracts, chitosan, clay known as Kaolin and, silver nanoparticles (AgNPs). The latter were prepared under the reducing and stabilization actions of Moringa extracts. These Precursors are mixed to form binary or tertiary mixture formulations under variable formation conditions of the required composites. The composites and fabrics treated thereof were submitted to characterization, analysis and testing using traditional tools as well as state-of-the-art facilities including FT-IR, UV, Particle size analyser, TEM, SEM and EDX. Aqueous and alcoholic Moringa extracts exhibit different chemical attributes meanwhile both extracts fail to induce formation of AgNPs at up to pH 6. Intensive formation of AgNPs occurs only with the alcoholic extract provided that pH 8 or higher was employed. The particle size of AgNPs decreases by increasing the pH indicating chemical combination of Moringa extract and chitosan Moringa aqueous or alcoholic extract exhibit larger particle size than those containing chitosan and AgNPs. AgNPs were characterized by spherical shape with precise distribution of the particles. The nitrogen content, the physical properties and the mechanical properties of the treated fabrics were taken to demonstrate the magnitudes of intercalation and interactions of Moringa aqueous and alcoholic extracts individually and in composite with the cellulosic fabric. It was as well to emphasize the high antimicrobial activity imparted by current composites to the cellulosic fabrics. Equal emphasis was placed on UPF and easy-care properties of the treated fabrics. To this end, current research brings into focus novel cellulosic products with multifunctional performance as a direct impact of multifarious attributes caused by chemical combination of the composite in question and cellulosic fabrics.

Polyaconitic acid/functional amine/azo dye composite as a novel hyper-branched polymer for cotton fabric functionalization.

A new hyperbranched polymer based on aconitic acid and two different amine (triethnaol amine and diethylenetriamine) with different functional groups; hydroxyl and amine groups respectively was successfully synthesised by A2B3 polymerization technique and characterised using Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR), Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR), rheological properties, antimicrobial and cytotoxicity activity. In addition, a new heterocyclic azo dye was synthesised and characterised using FT-IR, NMR, mass spectra and antimicrobial activity. Characterisation provides that both composites and azo dye have been well prepared. A mixture from both hyberbranched polymer and synthesised azo dye have been applied to cotton fabrics. Evaluation of treated fabrics shows that, the surface of treated fabrics has a thin film from applied composite which coated the whole fibre surface. Treated fabrics have good antimicrobial activity against gram positive, gram negative bacteria and fungi. Fastness properties, physical and mechanical properties for treated fabrics were also evaluated.