Pharmacological Action and Research Progress of Taraxasterol.

Primarily sourced from Asteraceae family herbs such as the Dandelion, Taraxasterol is a pentacyclic triterpenoid lauded for its extensive biological functionalities. Its therapeutic potency is demonstrated in various disease models, encompassing enteritis, arthritis, acute hepatic injury, and pneumonia. Scientific literature underscores its anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antineoplastic attributes. The primary aim of this study is to thoroughly explore the diseasemodulating mechanisms and effects of taraxasterol. We endeavor to provide an exhaustive review of the experimental subjects, intervention components, distinct action modalities, contributing factors, and protein pathway expressions associated with taraxasterol, systematically represented via diagrams and tables. Such a schematic representation encourages a continued academic dialogue concerning taraxasterol's pharmacological characteristics. This review is envisioned as a practical guide for the selection of experimental subjects and methodologies in prospective research. It is intended to further illuminate taraxasterol's pharmacodynamics, thereby offering theoretical and empirical justification for its clinical application.

Prevalence and pattern of third molars impaction: A retrospective radiographic study.

Third molar impaction is considered a prevalent issue. The research aimed to study the pervasiveness and pattern of impaction in Karbala/Iraqi population. Orthopantomograms were studied regarding its angulation, impaction depth, and correlation with ramus. The outcomes manifested that the prevalence of 3rd impacted molars was 34.71%, with the proportion of male to female as 0.83:1. Impacted mandibular 3rd molars were significantly encountered. The prevalence of vertical angulation, mesioangular, horizontal, and inverted were significantly associated with the impacted mandibular 3rd molars (P < 0.05). However, the prevalence of distoangular and bucco/lingual was significantly associated (P < 0.05) with the upper impacted 3rd molars. Level C of impaction was significantly (P < 0.05) the most typical level in the maxilla impacted the 3rd molar, and level A and level B of impaction were significantly (P < 0.05) the most prevalent level correlated with the mandibular 3rd molar impaction. Class II was significantly (P < 0.05) the frequently occurring condition subsequent to Classes III and I. In conclusion, the impaction of 3rd molars was significantly predominant in females and lower jaw. The vertical angulation, level C of impaction associated with maxillary 3rd molars and levels A and B of impaction related with mandibular 3rd molars, and Class II are the most encountered conditions.

The patterns of facial fractures in traumatic brain injury (TBI) patients using ordinal regression: a retrospective study of five years.

According to the World Health Organization (WHO), traumatic brain injury (TBI) will mainly contribute to disability and death by 2020. Facial fractures associated with TBI are a significant public health concern worldwide. The main etiological factors are road traffic accidents, violence, and falls. Neurological injury associated with facial fractures has been reported to be as high as 76%. Therefore, we retrospectively evaluated facial fracture patterns in patients with a traumatic brain injury in Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia and evaluated their associations in our study. Ordinal regression was used to examine the facial fracture patterns in patients with traumatic brain injuries. The confounding variables were controlled using ordinal regression analysis, and probabilities of p < 0.1 were considered significant associations. The results found that zygomatic arch fracture -1.141 (95% CI, -2.487 to 0.204, p-value = 0.096), Le Fort II fracture -1.080 (95% CI, -2.138 to -0.022, p-value = 0.045), maxillary bone fracture 2.924 (95% CI, 1.784 to 4.063, p-value .001), nasal bone fracture 4.047 (95% CI, 1.243 to 6.851, p-value = 0.005), and mandibular bone fracture 1.501 (95% CI, 0.711 to 2.291, p-value .001) were the most common facial fracture types associated with traumatic brain injury (TBI). This study provides valuable data for creating prevention plans and gives a chance to discover the epidemiology, prevalence, and connection between TBI and facial fracture.

The Effect of Intragastric Gavage of High Dose Green Tea Extract on Serum Status of Magnesium, Calcium, and Zinc.

OBJECTIVE: Green tea (GT) contains polyphenolic flavonoids, different minerals like magnesium, calcium, and zinc, vitamins, amino acids, carbohydrates, proteins, and others. It has a different health benefit. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of intragastric gavage of a high dose GT extract on serum biochemical analysis of magnesium, calcium, and zincin juvenile Wistar albino rats. METHODS: Twelve rats were used in the study and divided in to two equal groups. All the animals in the control group were intragastically gavaged by distilled water and continues for ten days, from day 24 to day 34 of age, while the animals in the study group were intragastically gavaged by GT extract (300mg/kg/day) which continues also for ten days from day 24 to day 34 of age. On day 34 of age, and two hours after the last dose, the rats were anaesthetized and blood collection by cardiac puncture was taken. RESULTS: The results showed that the intragastric gavage of a high dose of GT extract caused a non-significant increase in serum magnesium, and calcium levels (p>0.05), but a significant increase in zinc serum level was seen(p< 0.05). CONCLUSION: GT can cause a significant increase in zinc serum level, and this may explain the significant role of GT in the response to different oxidative stress. It is recommended to measure the Zn serum level in rats after a period longer than two hrs from the time of the last dose of intragastric gavage of GT extract.

The toxicology properties of modified hydrothermal nanotitania extraction.

Introduction: The nanoparticle has become a part of world industry. This substance has been proven as potentially beneficial for its usage as a catalyst and semi-conductor due to its high surface area and the effects of the quantum size effect. It exhibits potential characteristics and would be applied in a wider scope of usage compared to bulk particles because the smaller the size of the particles, the more room for the extent of their usage. Nano titanium dioxide application as semi-conductors together with a catalyst is highly attributed to its high photochemical stability and ability to be produced at a low-cost. The consequence of this - exposure of nano titanium dioxide particles to humans - raises concerns regarding health and safety. Therefore, this research action works designed to offer a thorough analysis of toxicology impacts produced by our own synthesis modified hydrothermal in vitro experiments. Material and methods: Our nanotitania extraction with 0.05% silver was tested for its toxicity against L929 mouse cells. The cytotoxicity effect of nanotitania extract was evaluated by MTT assay. Cell viability (% CV) was calculated using a formula. Results: There are non-cytotoxicity activity of 0.05% nanotitania at concentrations 1.5, 3.1, 6.3, 12.5, and 25 mg/ml on L929 cell lines except at concentration 50 and 100 mg/ml. The result was related to the optical density reading. Conclusions: There is no cytotoxic effect of nanotitania extraction with 0.05% silver in the growth inhibition test with L929 mouse with the exception of the 100 mg/ml extract.

The Antimicrobial Properties of Nanotitania Extract and Its Role in Inhibiting the Growth of Klebsiella pneumonia and Haemophilus influenza.

Titanium dioxide (TiO2) is an antimicrobial agent which is considered of potential value in inhibiting the growth of multiple bacteria. Klebsiella pneumonia and Haemophilus influenza are two of the most common respiratory infection pathogens, and are the most. Klebsiella pneumonia causes fatal meningitis, while Haemophilus influenza causes mortality even in younger patients. Both are associated with bacteremia and mortality. The purpose of this study was to test a new antibacterial material, namely nanotitania extract combined with 0.03% silver that was developed at Universiti Malaysia Sabah (UMS) and tested against K. pneumonia and H. influenza. The nanoparticles were synthesized through a modified hydrothermal process, combined with molten salt and proven to have excellent crystallinity, with the band-gap energy falling in the visible light spectrum. The nanoparticle extract was tested using a macro-dilutional method, which involved combining it with 0.03% silver solution during the process of nanoparticle synthesis and then introducing it to the bacteria. A positive control containing the bacteria minus the nanoparticles extract was also prepared. 25 mg/mL, 12.5 mg/mL, and 6.25 mg/mL concentrations of the samples were produced using the macro dilution method. After adding the bacteria to multiple concentrations of nanoparticle extract, the suspensions were incubated for 24 h at a temperature of 37 °C. The suspensions were then spread on Mueller-Hinton agar (K. pneumonia) and chocolate blood agar (H. influenza), where the growth of bacteria was observed after 24 h. Nanoparticle extract in combination with silver at 0.03% was proven to have potential as an antimicrobial agent as it was able to inhibit H. influenza at all concentrations. Furthermore, it was also shown to be capable of inhibiting K. pneumonia at concentrations of 25 mg/mL and 50 mg/mL. In conclusion, the nanoparticle extract, when tested using a macro-dilutional method, displayed antimicrobial properties which were proven effective against the growth of both K. pneumonia and H. influenza.

The Most Common Relationship of a Midface Fracture in Maxillofacial Trauma Study.

ABSTRACT: Oral and maxillofacial fractures are the most common injuries among multiple trauma. About 5% to 10% of trauma patients having facial fractures. The objectives of this case study are to focus the most common mid-face fractures types' and to determine the relationship of the midface fracture in maxillofacial trauma among the patient who attended the outpatient clinic in a Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia. In this research paper, an advanced statistical tool was chosen through the multilayer perceptron neural network methodology (MLPNN). Multilayer perceptron neural network methodology was applied to determine the most associated predictor important toward maxillary bone injury. Through the predictor important classification analysis, the relationship of each bone will be determined, and sorting according to their contribution. After sorting the most associated predictor important toward maxillary bone injury, the validation process will be applied through the value of training, testing, and validation. The input variables of MLPNN were zygomatic complex fracture, orbital wall fracture, nasal bone fracture, frontal bone fracture, and zygomatic arch fracture. The performance of MLPNN having high accuracy with 82.2%. As a conclusion, the zygomatic complex fracture is the most common fracture trauma among the patient, having the most important association toward maxillary bone fracture. This finding has the highest potential for further statistical modeling for education purposes and the decision-maker among the surgeon.

Morphometric analysis of prognathic and non-prognathic mandibles in relation to BSSO sites using CBCT.

BACKGROUND: Bilateral sagittal split osteotomy (BSSO) is the most versatile procedure and adopted by many surgeons to relocate the mandible in patients having mandibular prognathism (MP). Injury to the inferior alveolar nerve (IAN) and unfavorable splits are two surgical complications of BSSO which are associated with mandibular morphology. Uses of cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) in providing 3-D images has gained a wider acceptance in surgical field nowadays. Its advantages are including reduced cost, lesser radiation dose and smaller physical footprint comparing to the conventional computed tomography. PURPOSE: This study aims to identify the differences in morphology of prognathic and non-prognathic mandible at BSSO sites using cone beam computed tomography images. METHODS: This retrospective study involved 51 CBCT images of patients having mandibular prognathism and without mandibular prognathism. The latter group made up from patients with Class I skeletal pattern. Samples were taken using purposive sampling method from two clinical centers. RESULT: Prognathic mandible has higher lingula level, superiorly and buccally placed inferior alveolar nerve canal at distal second molar, thinner mediolateral width of ramus at anterior and posterior part and thinner anteroposterior width of the ramus. CONCLUSION: Morphology of mandible in patients with mandibular prognathism (MP) was significantly different from patients without mandibular prognathism (WMP) for most of the parameters. The high risk parameters may be highlighted to the patients using cone beam computed tomography images.

White-eyed blowout fracture: Diagnostic pitfalls and review of literature.

White-eyed blowout fracture was first termed by Jordan et al. in individuals sustaining a blow to the periocular area and presenting with ocular symptoms, although with minimal soft tissue signs of trauma. It is often found in pure orbital floor blowout fractures among paediatric patients, and it could manifest as a linear or hinge-like trapdoor deformity. Unlike the more common open orbital blowout fractures with distinct diagnostic clinical signs, white-eyed blowout fractures are rarer and their diagnoses can be easily missed, subsequently costing an optimal time window for surgical intervention. This is critical as better outcomes are found with earlier release of entrapments. This report describes a case of a white-eyed blowout fracture in a 10-year-old child faced with its diagnostic challenges. The current literature review discusses the types of fracture pattern, signs and symptoms, mechanism of action, as well as timing of surgery. In view of the common complication of persistent diplopia, clinical pitfalls in achieving this diagnosis are emphasized to prevent any delay of treatment. Current literature evidences are weighted towards urgent surgical intervention, as positive outcomes are found to correlate with earlier release of entrapments.

Multivariate analysis of factors affecting presence and/or agenesis of third molar tooth.

To investigate the presence and/or agenesis of third molar (M3) tooth germs in orthodontics patients in Malaysian Malay and Chinese population and evaluate the relationship between presence and/or agenesis of M3 with different skeletal malocclusion patterns and sagittal maxillomandibular jaw dimensions. Pretreatment records of 300 orthodontic patients (140 males and 160 females, 219 Malaysian Malay and 81 Chinese, average age was 16.27±4.59) were used. Third-molar agenesis was calculated with respect to race, genders, number of missing teeth, jaws, skeletal malocclusion patterns and sagittal maxillomandibular jaw dimensions. The Pearson chi-square test and ANOVA was performed to determine potential differences. Associations between various factors and M3 presence/agenesis groups were assessed using logistic regression analysis. The percentages of subjects with 1 or more M3 agenesis were 30%, 33% and 31% in the Malaysian Malay, Chinese and total population, respectively. Overall prevalence of M3 agenesis in male and female was equal (P>0.05). The frequency of the agenesis of M3s is greater in maxilla as well in the right side (P>0.05). The prevalence of M3 agenesis in those with a Class III and Class II malocclusion was relatively higher in Malaysian Malay and Malaysian Chinese population respectively. Using stepwise regression analyses, significant associations were found between Mx (P<0.05) and ANB (P<0.05) and M3 agenesis. This multivariate analysis suggested that Mx and ANB were significantly correlated with the M3 presence/agenesis.