[The contribution of the department of childhood diseases of the S.M.Kirov Military-medical academy to the medical support of students of educational organizations of general education of the Ministry of Defence].

The article is devoted to the 150th anniversary of the department of childhood diseases of the S.M.Kirov Military Medical Academy and reflects on important activity of the department - creation of the system of medical support for students of general education institutions of the Ministry of Defense. The authors emphasize the role of professor M.S.Maslov, as well as other members of the department, in the development of manuals for health maintenance organization of first Suvorov military schools (1944, 1947). The authors also summarize results of the methodological and scientific work, training and improvement of professional skills of medical staff for educational institutions, including the heads of medical service of schools. The role of the department in improving the medical support for educational institutions of secondary education institutions f'the Ministry of Defence of the Russian Federation at the present stage of development of the Armed Forces is described in the given article.

[Value of probiotic in reducing frequency of infectious complications in premature infants].

Fifty five premature infants with very low body weight were observed as inpatients to assess effectiveness of the nursing. The standard program of the care included: adequate primary resuscitation, respiratory support (use of surfactant), thermal mode, early provision of nutrients with full or partial parenteral nutrition, antimicrobial therapy and if possible early enteral nutrition. The patients of the main group (n = 29) along with the standard therapy (the volume of the enteral nutrition of 5 ml or more) were treated orally with liquid probiotic based on E. faecium L3 in a dose of 0.5 ml (5 x 10(8) CFU) 3 times a day for 14 days. The control group (n = 26) was under the standard therapy. The effectiveness of the infants management was estimated by the frequency of disruption of the nutrition, the frequency of infectious complications, the changes in the hematologic indices, the dynamics of the composition of the intestinal microflora. The infectious complications were evident from perinatal viral infection, intraamniotic infection, necrotizing enterocolitis. In the main group patients there was recorded a significant decrease of the frequency of infectious complications: 20.7% against 53.9% in the control group patients. The use of probiotic strain E. faecium L3 in the preterm infants promoted conservation of the immunomodulatory function of the intestinal indigenic microflora and restricted the growth of the nosocomial flora.

[Problems of delivery of health care for children of servicemen and educates of general educational institutions of the Ministry of Defence of the Russian Federation].

On the basis of the legal, instructional-methodological data and evaluation of the organization of medical care for children and adolescents identified the main challenges of pediatric services for the optimization of the Russian Defense Ministry interagency medical personnel accompany the children and adolescents, pre-university students in military educational institutions, at the stage of military reform and optimize the structure of the military medical service. To provide medical assistance to children of servicemen and DVOU pupils in accordance with the standards of health required the integration of interagency efforts of the military-medical institutions and medical institutions of state and municipal health systems.

[Role of various risk factors in the development and diagnosis of recurrent pain in adolescents--students of cadet corps].

Randomized single-blind case--control study is performed. In total, the cadet corp students with recurrent functional abdominal pain and headaches are examined. The paper shows the role of various risk factors in the occurrence of these states. Diagnostic validity is evaluated. Multifactorial genesis of the studied pathology is proved. The essential role in the formation of the psychological characteristics of personality, neurotic states and autonomic dysfunction is shown. Several constitutional characteristics of the organism were not diagnostically significant.

[Problems of hygiene of children and adolescents in the military health care].

The article presents the current issues hygiene mechanical prevention of disease in the younger generation in re-formation of the Russian Armed Forces, the economy, health, education and ecological trouble.

[Fetal inflammatory response in the development of multiple organ dysfunction in newborn].

The fetal inflammatory response syndrome (FIRS) is one of the causes of multiple organ dysfunction (MOD) in critically ill newborn infants. The paper shows a role of interleukin-8 (IL-8) in the development of FIRS and MOD in neonates a correlation between the concentration of IL-8 and the number of organs involved in the pathological process and demonstrates the leading role of endothelial dysfunction in the pathogenesis of the pathological processes concerned.

[Cerebral hemodymanics as a criterion for the severity of neonatal posthypoxia and efficiency of its treatment].

Twenty-five full-term neonates with severe posthypoxic syndrome, including 9 (36%) with prior acute moderate asphyxia, 8 (32%) with acute asphyxia, and 8 (32%) with associated acute asphyxia, were examined. The severity of posthypoxia and the efficiency of its treatment were evaluated, by studying cerebral and systemic hemodynamics. In children with moderate and severe asphyxia, artificial ventilation contributed to normalization of acid-base balance and infusion of dopamine in a dose of up to 5 microg/kg x min could achieve adequate cardiac output. In children with associated severe asphyxia, infusion of dopamine in a dose of 5.5-10 microg/kg x min, which failed to improve cerebral perfusion pressure, was required to maintain the optimal cardiac output. This situation requires additional cerebral protective therapy aimed at lowering intracranial pressure.

[Optimal therapy of children with bronchial asthma at Pyatigorsk spa].

The study of efficacy of bronchial asthma children's rehabilitation at Pyatigorsk spa with different schemes of treatment has shown that combined treatment with dry air-radon baths and halotherapy is more effective than each of these modalities alone.

[Changes in the system of antioxidant blood defence in newborns with different pathology]. / Izmeneniia sistemy antioksidantnoi zashchity krovi novorozhdennykh detei s razlichnoi patologiei.

Blood antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase, catalase, ceruloplasmin) were investigated in gestational ages and diseases. Low activity of blood superoxide dismutase and catalase were observed in premature babies and in newborns after acute and chronic hypoxia. In hemolytic disease the activity of antioxidant enzymes of newborns was significantly higher than in healthy infants. This work demonstrates advantages of haemosorbtion compared to exchange blood transfusion. So the antioxidant activity in blood, decreased after blood transfusion, remained at a high level after haemosorbtion. Any deficiency of antioxidant enzymes in newborns may lead to toxyc oxygen effects. Antioxidants are potential therapeutic agents in the above mentioned conditions.

Species, population and age diversity in cell resistance to adhesion of Neisseria meningitidis serogroups A, B and C.

The variation of cell adherence of meningococci serogroups A, B and C and influenza viruses was investigated in 11 animal species and in humans of different age groups (1st, 2nd, 3rd and 4th weeks; 2nd-3rd months; 4th-12th months, 2nd-3rd years; and 18th-60th years of life) as well as in women during pregnancy (17th-36th weeks) and childbirth. Red blood cells of all animals tested as well as of human newborns were absolutely resistant to attachment of meningococci. In neonatal and the later periods the human cells become far differently sensitive individually to meningococcal adhesion. In contrast, the viral adhesion was characterized by different individual cell sensitivity in all age groups tested. Pregnancy and childbirth did not influence the women's cell sensitivity to adhesion of Neisseria meningitidis. Different receptors are involved in interactions of human cells with influenza viruses and meningococci. The function of meningococcal receptors on human cells develops during postnatal ontogenesis. The variations express both specific (genetic) and ontogenetic (individual) differences in natural resistance to meningococcal infection.

[Antioxidant enzymes activity of erythrocytes and indicators of blood hemodynamics of normal and hypoxic newborns in their first day of life]. / Fermenty antioksidantnoi sistemy éritrotsitov i nekotorye pokazateli gemodinamiki krovi v pervye sutki zhizni novorozhdennykh detei v norme i pri gipoksicheskikh sostoianiiakh.

The authors have found direct correlating between the enzymatic activity and the values of the total of circulation blood, erythrocytes, plasma and hematocrit. The highest activity of antioxidant-enzymes and values of hemodynamic was observed by the sixth hour of life of healthy newborns. Influenced by simultaneous effect of asphyxia and intrauterine chronic fetal hypoxia SOD, catalase, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activities in erythrocytes remain low during the first 24 hours of life. These newborns proved to have lower values of hemodynamics. The state of the antioxidant enzyme and hemodynamics at the moment of birth is discussed.

[Determination of multiple forms of leucine aminopeptidase in blood plasma]. / Opredelenie mnozhestvennykh form leitsinaminopeptidazy plazmy krovi.

The methods of evaluation of different forms of leucine aminopeptidase (LAP) activity in human serum were elaborated. It was shown, that there are some forms of LAP in serum which has different pH optimum and different sensitivity to L-methionine and other substrates. It was found, that these forms of LAP have different activity in the blood serum of adults and infants. The conclusion was drawn about diagnostic value of LAP forms in the infants with periventricular brain damages.

[Use of antibiotics in pediatrics]. / Osobennosti primeneniia antibiotikov v pediatrii.

The problems of an etiotropic approach to the choice of antibiotics in the treatment of infants remain actual and require their solution which is evident from the example of some usual affections: intrahospital pneumonia of newborns, pneumonia of infant outpatients, purulent meningitis, etc. The practice of irrational therapy of some children infections such as streptococcal angina and scarlet fever, whooping cough, intestinal infections, otitis media purulenta, sinusitis is rather common. Attention should be paid to the organization of the bacteriological services and the increase of the physicians qualification in the field of antibiotic therapy and clinical microbiology. It is advisable that chemotherapeutists be included in the staff of certain general hospitals.

[The action of bilirubin in vitro on the antioxidant activity and lipid peroxidation of the plasma and erythrocytes of cord blood]. / Deistvie bilirubina in vitro na antioksidantnuiu aktivnost' i perekisnoe okislenie lipidov plazmy i éritrotsitov pupovinnoi krovi.

Plasma and erythrocytes of cord blood were incubated with bilirubin (40-400 mkMol/l) for 30 min. This incubation resulted in reduction of lipid peroxidation both in plasma and erythrocytes. The antioxidant activity increased in erythrocytes after incubation, but decreased in plasma. It concluded that high concentration of protein-bound bilirubin and about its effect exerted an antioxidant effect and could influence the stability of blood cells.

[Intrauterine infections: frequency and diagnosis]. / Vnutriutrobnye infektsii (chastota i diagnostika).

Intrauterine infections occupy a considerable place in human pathology--a conclusion drawn on the basis of original and literature data. Herpetic, cytomegalic, mycoplasma and chlamydial infections are the most important among them. Intrauterine infections may be the cause of some diseases considered as somatic ones. The possibility of the pathology diagnosis of these disease not only on the basis of laboratory data but on the basis of characteristic structural changes of cells and tissues is shown.