ABSTRACT
This is the first reported research that explores the feeling of knowing (FOK) for musical stimuli. Subjects attempted to recall melodies and titles of musical pieces, made FOK ratings when recall failed, and then had a recognition test. With instrumental music (Experiment 1), more titles were recalled when melodies were given as cues than vice versa. With songs whose lyrics were not presented (Experiment 2), however, more melodies were recalled than were titles. For nonrecalled items, although the overall levels of recognition did not differ, FOK ratings were higher for titles than for melodies in Experiment 1, and the opposite pattern occurred in Experiment 2. In both experiments, the FOK ratings predicted melody recognition more accurately than they did title recognition.
Subject(s)
Auditory Perception , Mental Recall , Music , Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Retention, Psychology , Verbal LearningABSTRACT
We describe techniques for production and chromatographic fractionation of a transcriptionally active whole-cell extract from Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The procedure is suitable for large-scale isolation of the factors involved in mRNA synthesis. Both yeast transcription factor IIB and TATA-binding protein were purified from the extract as single species using an immunoblot assay. In addition, the three previously described isoforms of yeast RNA polymerase II were resolved and form IIa, the intact, unphosphorylated isoform proposed to be involved in initiation, was purified to apparent homogeneity.
Subject(s)
DNA-Binding Proteins/isolation & purification , RNA Polymerase II/isolation & purification , Saccharomyces cerevisiae/chemistry , Transcription Factors/isolation & purification , Chromatography, Agarose , Chromatography, Ion Exchange , Fungal Proteins/isolation & purification , Saccharomyces cerevisiae/genetics , TATA Box , TATA-Box Binding Protein , Transcription Factor TFIIB , Transcription, GeneticABSTRACT
Using American Optical Vectographs and a Disparometer, vertical fixation disparities and associated phorias were measured on 19 essential hypertensives and 19 matched normotensives. Subjects were matched on the basis of race, sex, age, use of tobacco, and family history of hypertension. Correlated variance comparisons of the measured associated phorias and fixation disparities, as well as calculated x and y intercepts derived from forced-duction vertical fixation disparity curves were made and a t-test for related measures was used to compare slopes. The x and y intercepts and slope data showed no significant differences between the groups. However, statistically larger measured associated phorias for the hypertensive group were found on all but one test. This suggests a relation between the magnitude of vertical associated phorias and the occurrence of essential hypertension, but the relation found was not of sufficient strength to warrant clinical application.
Subject(s)
Fixation, Ocular , Hypertension/physiopathology , Strabismus/physiopathology , Adult , Eyeglasses , Female , Humans , Male , Oculomotor Muscles/physiopathology , Visual AcuityABSTRACT
Factors determining the precision and variability of the Ames Salmonella test for mutagenicity were investigated. The most important source of variability in the agar-overlay method was nonuniformity in the soft-agar layer thickness. Solution of this problem resulted from application of an agar-leveling table described in this paper. Several other procedural elements also contribute to improved precision, including temperature uniformity during incubation, incubation interval, consistency of plate agar volume, completeness of mixing the soft-agar overlay, peculiarities in the interaction of mutagens and mammalian liver microsomal extract (S9), and methods of storage and controls for tester strains. When these and other effects were well-controlled, variability of the test results was reduced from 200 or 300% to only +/- 10% or less. The significance of the factors affecting precision are discussed and an improved experimental protocol is presented.
Subject(s)
Mutagenicity Tests/methods , Salmonella typhimurium/genetics , Agar , Animals , Biotransformation , Culture Media , Humidity , Microsomes, Liver/metabolism , Rats , TemperatureABSTRACT
Benzo[a]pyrene deposited on a glass fiber filter reacts rapidly in the dark or light with ambient levels of ozone to yield a mixture of products that display strong direct mutagenicity in the Ames assay. The major stable contributor to this activity has been identified as benzo[a]pyrene-4,5-oxide, a DNA-binding metabolite in biological systems, known to be a strong direct mutagen with Salmonella typhimurium strain TA98.
