Willingness, Attitude, and Associated Factors towards Adverse Drug Reaction Reporting among Healthcare Providers in Mizan Tepi University Teaching Hospital, Southwest Ethiopia.

Background: An adverse drug reaction (ADR) is harm that arises from the use of a drug. Adverse drug reactions have a huge impact on the health system since they result in drug-related morbidity and mortality as well as indirect costs such as loss of productivity at work. Reporting of adverse drug reactions to a relevant authority is one of the methods of enhancing medication safety; however, underreporting of adverse drug reactions by health workers is a major challenge in enhancing medicines safety. The aim of this study was to assess the willingness, attitude, and associated factors of healthcare providers towards ADRs reporting at Mizan Tepi University Teaching Hospital (MTUTH). Methods: A cross-sectional mixed method was conducted among healthcare providers working in Mizan Tepi University Teaching Hospital from August to September 2021. A total of 190 healthcare providers and five key informants were participated in the study. The quantitative data were collected using self-administered structured questionnaires, and for the qualitative study, data from the key informant interviews were collected using a semistructured questionnaire containing open-ended questions. The collected data were coded, entered, and analyzed using a Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS, version 21). Furthermore, the logistic regression model was fitted to see the association between attitude items and demographic characteristics. Variables with P value <0.05 were considered as statistically significant. Analysis of the qualitative data was done by sorting the data into categories and examining the emerging themes. Results: The majority of individuals in the study (81.6%) were willing to report adverse drug reactions. High percent (57.9%) of the study participants knew how to report ADR to responsible body and 66 (34.7%) of the study participants believe that ADR reporting is the responsibility of all healthcare professionals. 86 (45.3%) of respondents encountered ADR cases during their professional career. It was found that the majority of participants (53.7%) had a positive attitude toward ADR reporting. The professional distribution and work experiences of healthcare professionals had a significant impact on their attitude toward ADR reporting (P < 0.05). Conclusion: A large percentage of study subjects were willing to report adverse drug reactions to the appropriate authorities. The majority of healthcare providers were found to have a good attitude towards ADR reporting. Professional distribution and work experiences were significantly associated with attitude of healthcare providers towards ADR reporting. In order to improve the ADR reporting practices of the healthcare professionals and increase the ADR reporting load at the national level, the national regulatory body should collaborate with health facilities.

Health Care Providers' Knowledge, Attitude and Practice Toward Counterfeit Medicines in Mizan-Tepi University Teaching Hospital, South West Ethiopia: A Cross-Sectional Study.

There is a paucity of evidence-based information regarding healthcare professionals' awareness and views toward counterfeit medicines in developing countries. Therefore; this is aimed to assess health care providers' knowledge, attitude, and practice toward counterfeit medicines in Mizan-Tepi University Teaching Hospital, South West Ethiopia. A cross-sectional study was conducted among health care providers working in Mizan-Tepi University Teaching Hospital from December 2020 to January 2021. A total of 171 health care providers participated in the study. Data were collected through self-administered structured questionnaires developed by reviewing similar surveys with some modifications. The data analyzed using a Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS, version 21). Variables with P value <.05 were considered as statistically significant. Large proportions of the study participants (84.2%) have information on counterfeit drugs and 15.8% of them described counterfeit medicine as product with toxic impurities. 50.3% of them were able to distinguish a counterfeit drug from the genuine drug. 8.2% of the participants demonstrated that counterfeit medicine can be identified by physical observation of labeling, color appearance and packaging. 61.4% of the study respondents revealed that strong legal action can prevent circulation of counterfeit medicine. Professional distribution was significantly associated with the attitude of health care providers toward counterfeit medicines (P < .05). Accordingly, public health officers and midwifery health care providers were more likely to have poor attitude toward counterfeit medicines (AOR = 6.09, CI (1.798-20.69) and (AOR = 3.98(1.54-10.25)) respectively as compared to nurses. This study demonstrated the importance of awareness creation to all health care providers. Drug regulatory bodies and concerning bodies must play an active role in designing appropriate program and policy to enhance health professionals' knowledge and attitude toward CFM. There is also a need of empowering the practitioners in identifying counterfeit drugs by simple observations.

Attitude and practice toward traditional medicine among hypertensive patients on follow-up at Mizan-Tepi University Teaching Hospital, Southwest Ethiopia.

Introduction: Traditional medicine has been used for the management of common mild conditions such as headache, diarrhea, and common cold as well as in the treatment of chronic diseases including hypertension. The usage of this medicine is regarded as acceptably safe with most Ethiopian people. Attitude and practices toward traditional medicine are crucial elements of hypertension control and its favorable outcome expectation. This study aimed at assessing the attitude and practice toward traditional medicine among hypertensive patients on follow-up at Mizan-Tepi University Teaching Hospital, Southwest Ethiopia. Method: Facility-based cross-sectional study was conducted from 1st December 2020 to 30th December 2020 among 173 hypertensive patients. A consecutive sampling technique was used to select study participants. Data were collected through interviewer-administered structured questionnaire and analyzed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences software version 23. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was done to identify the independent predictors of patients' attitude toward traditional medicine and their traditional medicine use at a p value ⩽0.05. Results: Eighty-seven (50.29%) of the total 173 approached patients were found to have good attitude toward traditional medicine. Ninety-seven (56.07%) participants had used traditional medicine at least once in their lifetime and 45 (46.39%) patients used traditional medicine and modern medicine concomitantly. Participants' residence (adjusted odds ratio = 2.79, confidence interval = 1.01-7.74, p-value = 0.049) and educational status (adjusted odds ratio = 1.76, confidence interval = 1.61-5.09, p-value = 0.032) had significant association with attitude toward traditional medicine, while patients' age (adjusted odds ratio = 1.43, confidence interval = 1.32-4.96, p-value = 0.039), residence (adjusted odds ratio = 2.18, confidence interval = 1.10-4.32, p-value = 0.025), and occupation (adjusted odds ratio = 3.38, confidence interval = 1.55-7.38, p-value = 0.002) had significant association with their traditional medicine use. Conclusion: Half of the study participants had good attitude toward traditional medicine, and nearly, one-fourth of the participants had practiced traditional medicine along with modern medicine. Health service providers should be aware of traditional medicine use and advise patients on the dosing of traditional medicine.

Drug therapy of epileptic seizures among adult epileptic outpatients of University of Gondar Referral and Teaching Hospital, Gondar, North West Ethiopia.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to assess the practice of pharmacotherapy of epilepsy and its treatment outcomes in adult epileptic outpatients at the University of Gondar Referral and Teaching Hospital, Gondar, North West Ethiopia. METHODS: An institution based, retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted from the medical charts of 336 adult epileptic patients at the outpatient epileptic clinic of Neurology Department of University of Gondar Teaching Hospital from May 2014 to April 2015. Reviewing follow-up information from the medical charts was used to evaluate antiepileptic drug (AED) prescribing patterns and treatment outcome. Data were collected by using data collection format and analyzed using SPSS software version 16. RESULTS: The most common type of seizure diagnosed was generalized tonic-clonic seizure (n=245, 72.91%). Monotherapy with an AED accounted for 80.35% of the cases, whereas dual therapy and polytherapy with three AED combinations accounted for 16.37% and 3.28%, respectively. The most frequently prescribed AED was phenobarbitone (62.47%) followed by carbamazepine (17.91%). From the total epileptic cases, 277 (82.4%) had well-controlled seizure status in the last three consecutive months. CONCLUSION: Most of the patients were maintained by monotherapy, and largely this was by the older antiepileptic drug, phenobarbitone. Considering the development of pharmacotherapy of epilepsy and other patient related factors, the standard treatment guideline for Ethiopia needs to be revised periodically.