ABSTRACT
Norepinephrine, is involved in the enhancement of learning and memory formation by regulating synaptic mechanisms through its ability to activate pre- and post-synaptic adrenergic receptors. Here we show that ß-agonists of norepinephrine facilitate the induction of both associational LTP and sharp wave ripples (SPW-Rs) in acute slices of rat hippocampus in area CA3. Surprisingly, this facilitating effect persists when slices are only pretreated with ß-receptor agonists followed by wash out and application of the unspecific ß-adrenoreceptor (ßAR) antagonist propranolol. During application of ßAR agonists repeated stimulation resulted in facilitated induction of SPW-Rs. Since SPW-Rs are thought to be involved in memory replay we studied the effects of ßAR-agonists on spontaneous SPW-Rs in murine hippocampus and found that amplitude and incidence of SPW-Rs increased. These effects involve cyclic-AMP and the activation of protein kinase A and suggest a supportive role in memory consolidation. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Subject(s)
Adrenergic beta-Agonists/pharmacology , CA3 Region, Hippocampal/drug effects , Long-Term Potentiation/drug effects , Adrenergic beta-Antagonists/pharmacology , Animals , Brain Waves/drug effects , Brain Waves/physiology , CA1 Region, Hippocampal/drug effects , CA1 Region, Hippocampal/physiology , CA3 Region, Hippocampal/physiology , Isoproterenol/pharmacology , Long-Term Potentiation/physiology , Mice, Inbred C57BL , Propranolol/pharmacology , Rats, Wistar , Receptors, Adrenergic, beta/metabolism , Tissue Culture TechniquesABSTRACT
Change in ABO antigen expression on the surface of neoplastic cells have been seen for a variety of tumor types. This phenomenon has been linked with myeloid neoplasms as well but is reported infrequently. Here, we report a rare cause of ABO discrepancy in an elderly female having chronic myeloid leukemia.
Subject(s)
ABO Blood-Group System/blood , Gene Expression Regulation, Leukemic , Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/blood , Female , Humans , Middle AgedABSTRACT
PATIENT: Male, 20 FINAL DIAGNOSIS: Sickle cell anemia Symptoms: Bone marrow necrosis ⢠bone pain ⢠fever ⢠hepatomegaly ⢠icterus ⢠splenomegaly ⢠weakness MEDICATION: - Clinical Procedure: - Specialty: Hematology. OBJECTIVE: Unusual clinical course. BACKGROUND: In sickle cell disease, bone involvement is the commonest clinical presentation in the acute as well as chronic setting presenting as painful vaso-occlusive crisis and avascular necrosis, respectively. Other complications include bone marrow necrosis and infarction. CASE REPORT: We report a case of a 20-year-old male who was referred for bone marrow evaluation due to symptoms of fever, weakness, and repeated episodes of bone pains. Bone trephine biopsy revealed multiple areas of central necrosis surrounded by fibroblasts. CONCLUSIONS: Recognition of necrosis through bone trephine biopsy is important for early initiation of therapy.
