ABSTRACT
Clinical resistance to drugs and diminution in their side effects have become great issues for pharmacologists. In veterinary medicine, parasites like Trichomonas gallinae are of veterinary, hygienic and economic importance and can be treated by metronidazole. Unfortunately, scientific evidence has been reported about its resistance and serious side effects in trichomoniasis. In this research, it was attempted to introduce a new procedure to lower side effects of the drug molecules and also, enhance the treatment of disease. Whisker-formed SBA-15 nanoparticles were utilized for the first time in this issue. They had mesoporous structures which metronidazole molecules could be trapped in them. Additionally, these crystalline nanowhiskers were modified with tannic acid to make the release process better. The branches of tannic acid covered the opening of pores in crystalline SBA-15 nanowhiskers and restricted the drug from fast release. It caused a controlled metronidazole release in the smart drug delivery. These nanocarriers were completely tested by several experiments. Whisker-like SBA-15 nanocrystals had a mesopore volume of 0.5931â¯cm3/g, pore diameter of 6.06â¯nm and surface area of 491.38â¯m2/g. Based on TGA analysis, 10% of tannic acid was coated on the crystalline nanowhiskers during the modification. The metronidazole content and entrapment efficiency of final nanocarriers was 28.56% and 71.40%, respectively. The decomposition of tannic acid in lower pHs made whisker-like SBA-15@tannic acid nanocrystals be pH-responsive which can be used for other applications in the pharmacology. In-vitro study revealed that the minimal lethal concentration of nanocarriers was 0.5â¯mg/mL for 180â¯min.
Subject(s)
Antiprotozoal Agents/administration & dosage , Drug Delivery Systems , Metronidazole/administration & dosage , Nanoparticles , Antiprotozoal Agents/chemistry , Antiprotozoal Agents/pharmacology , Chemistry, Pharmaceutical/methods , Crystallization , Drug Carriers/chemistry , Drug Liberation , Hydrogen-Ion Concentration , Metronidazole/chemistry , Metronidazole/pharmacology , Particle Size , Porosity , Silicon Dioxide/chemistry , Tannins/chemistry , Trichomonas/drug effectsABSTRACT
The combination of imaging and delivery systems through nanoscale material have been used to create new nanoparticle formulations for biological applications. Here, a magnetic nanocomposite consisting of superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs), graphene oxide (GO), chitosan and poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) as biocompatible polymers was synthesized for applying in drug delivery and imaging agent. The nanocomposite was studied by various techniques including XRD, TEM, FE-SEM, FT-IR and VSM. SPIONs had an average diameter size about 10nm and showed superparamagnetic behavior. Also, TEM and SEM images showed that these nanoparticles successfully attached on the surface of GO sheets. Finally, 5-fu was loaded onto these nanocomposite particles in order to study of entrapment efficiency and drug release behavior of nanocomposite particles. They showed high drug entrapment efficiency and more and faster drug release in acidic pH.
Subject(s)
Ferric Compounds/chemistry , Graphite/chemistry , Magnets/chemistry , Nanocomposites/chemistry , Nanoparticles/chemistry , Nanotechnology , Oxides/chemistry , Biocompatible Materials/chemical synthesis , Biocompatible Materials/chemistry , Chemistry Techniques, Synthetic , Drug Carriers/chemical synthesis , Drug Carriers/chemistry , Drug Liberation , Fluorouracil/chemistry , Hydrogen-Ion Concentration , Particle Size , Polyvinyl Alcohol/chemistryABSTRACT
Magnetite nanoparticles were synthesized by coprecipitation under ultrasonication followed by coating with chitosan. Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) is then combined with the chitosan that coated the magnetite nanoparticles. The combination occurs by hydrogen binding and ionic cross-linking of the amino and hydroxyl groups of chitosan and PVA respectively. The magnetite nanoparticles have an average size of 10.62 nm that was confirmed by TEM. The VSM measurements showed that nanoparticles were superparamagnetic. The coatings on the core nanoparticles were estimated by AAS and the attachments of coating to the nanoparticles were confirmed by FT-IR analysis. Physicochemical properties of nanoparticles were measured by DLS and zeta potential. Naked magnetite, chitosan and PVA coating have zeta potential of +36.4, +48.1 and -12.5 mV respectively. The unspecific adsorption and interaction between nanoparticles and bovine serum albumin (BSA) were investigated systematically by UV-vis spectroscopy method. The nanoparticles that were modified by PVA present low protein adsorption, which makes them a practical choice for preventing opsonization in clinical application and drug delivery.
