ABSTRACT
Neuropsychological studies report anxiety and depression like symptoms in patients suffering from lifestyle disorder but its impact on locomotor function lacks clarity. Our study investigates locomotor deficits resulting due to perturbations in cerebellum of high fat diet (HFD), chronodisruption (CD) or a combination (HCD) model of lifestyle disorder. Significant downregulation in levels of cerebellar clock genes (Bmal-1, Clock, Per 1 and Per 2) and Bdnf-Trkb pathway genes (Bdnf, TrkB and Syn1 levels) were recorded. Further, locomotor deficits were observed in all the three experimental groups as evidenced by actimeter test, pole test and wire hanging test. Nuclear pyknosis of Purkinje cells, their derangement and inflammation were the hallmark of cerebellar tissue of all the three experimental groups. Taken together, this study generates important links between cerebellar clock oscillations, locomotor function and Bdnf-TrkB signaling.
Subject(s)
Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor , Cerebellum , Receptor, trkB , Signal Transduction , Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor/metabolism , Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor/genetics , Animals , Receptor, trkB/metabolism , Receptor, trkB/genetics , Cerebellum/metabolism , Male , Diet, High-Fat/adverse effects , Locomotion/physiology , Purkinje Cells/metabolismABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Obesity is a global crisis due to its significant contribution to mortality and morbidity. This study discovered an association between body mass index (BMI) with pulmonary function tests (PFTs) and aerobic capacity (VO2 max) in medical students of Zydus Medical College and Hospital, Dahod, Gujarat. AIM: The study aimed to determine the effect of obesity on cardiopulmonary health of medical students. OBJECTIVES: The study objectives were as follows: 1. To compare PFT parameters and VO2 max between obese and non-obese students. 2. To study the correlation of BMI with PFTs and VO2 max. MATERIAL AND METHODS: BMI was calculated with the formula BMI = weight/height2. PFTs were assessed with computerized spirometry. Aerobic capacity was calculated with Astrand 6-minute Cycle Test. Statistical analysis was done with unpaired t-test. RESULTS: This study found a significant difference in forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in 1 minute (FEV1), slow vital capacity (SVC), maximum ventilatory volume (MVV), and VO2 max between obese and non-obese students (P<0.05). There was a positive correlation between BMI and forced mid-expiratory flow (FEF25-75), peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR), MVV, SVC, expiratory reserve volume (ERV), and MVV and negative correlation with FVC, FEV1, lung age, and VO2 max in non-obese students. There was also a positive correlation between BMI and PEFR, SVC, FVC, FEV1, lung age, MVV, ERV, and a negative correlation with FEF25-75 and VO2 max in obese students. CONCLUSION: As BMI is inversely related to cardiopulmonary function, students having high BMI can be motivated toward a healthy lifestyle.
ABSTRACT
The extensive usage of titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles in daily usage products have increased their release into the environment. The present study has attempted to investigate the behaviour of titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles in different experimental buffers in the presence of humic acid. Also, the effect of TiO2 nanoparticles was assessed in different aquatic organisms with and without the presence of humic acid. The results demonstrate that humic acid increases the dispersion of TiO2 nanoparticles via its adsorption on the surface of the nanoparticles, mainly due to electrostatic interactions. The maximum aggregation was observed in the zebrafish growth medium (E3 medium) even in the presence of humic acid. The intensity of TiO2 nanoparticle sedimentation was observed in the order: E3 media > Dryl's buffer > MilliQ water. Interestingly, the ecotoxicity results for Tetrahymena pyriformis and Danio rerio showed that the presence of humic acid reduces the toxicity of TiO2 nanoparticles.
