ABSTRACT
Heart failure is one of the leading healthcare problems in the world. Clinical data lacks sensitivity and specificity in the diagnosis of heart failure. Laboratory biomarkers are a non-invasive method of assessing suspected decompensated heart failure. Biomarkers such as natriuretic peptides have shown promising results in the management of heart failure. The literature does not provide comprehensive guidance in the utilization of biomarkers in the setting of acute heart failure syndrome. Many conditions that manifest with similar pathophysiology as acute heart failure syndrome may demonstrate positive biomarkers. The following is a review of biomarkers in heart failure, enlightening their role in diagnosis, prognosis and management of heart failure.
Subject(s)
Heart Failure , Biomarkers , Heart Failure/diagnosis , Humans , Natriuretic Peptide, Brain , Natriuretic Peptides , Prognosis , SyndromeABSTRACT
Heart failure (HF) is recognized as one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Every year about 500,000 new cases of HF are diagnosed in the United States. The predominant etiology of death in HF patients include sudden cardiac death (SCD) and pump failure. Prediction of mode of death may help in devising management decisions. In patients with HF, the presence of myocardial fibrosis has been a known risk factor for SCD and thus it could be used as a criterion in risk stratification for SCD. However, the underlying pathophysiology of SCD is uncertain and controversial, which makes it necessary to develop newer tools to enhance SCD risk stratification. The newer tools should be innovative enough either to complement or to replace the currently available tools. In this scoping review, we highlighted the utilization of novel biomarkers galectin-3 (gal-3) and soluble ST2 (sST2) and discussed that how they might complement currently available tools such as, cardiac MRI (CMR) for SCD risk stratification in HF patients.
ABSTRACT
Heart failure (HF) is one of the most important healthcare issues due to its prevalence, high morbidity and mortality, as well as its economic burden. A shift in the healthcare model towards reducing inpatient hospitalizations might have a significant impact on HF-related costs and quality of life. Recently, wireless monitoring has begun to be an essential part of the management in the patient with HF. The CardioMEMS HF system is one of the best examples pertaining to the success in this field. This article will discuss the CardioMEMS HF system and the rationale behind its development.
Subject(s)
Blood Pressure Monitoring, Ambulatory/instrumentation , Heart Failure/physiopathology , Pulmonary Artery/physiopathology , Pulmonary Wedge Pressure/physiology , Equipment Design , HumansSubject(s)
Arthritis, Rheumatoid/drug therapy , Cardiomyopathies , Cardiotoxicity/diagnosis , Hydroxychloroquine/adverse effects , Antirheumatic Agents/administration & dosage , Antirheumatic Agents/adverse effects , Biopsy/methods , Cardiomyopathies/chemically induced , Cardiomyopathies/diagnosis , Cardiomyopathies/physiopathology , Cardiomyopathies/therapy , Disease Progression , Echocardiography/methods , Humans , Hydroxychloroquine/administration & dosage , Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Cine/methods , Male , Middle Aged , Myocardium/pathology , Withholding TreatmentABSTRACT
The prevalence of heart failure (HF) is continuously rising in both the industrialized and non-industrialized nations. Despite current therapeutic advances, prognosis of HF patients remains poor. Presently, therapeutic pharmacological and device strategies for HF with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) are mostly palliative and do not induce regeneration of lost myocardial tissue. Stem cell therapy has demonstrated promising results in clinical studies by promoting myocardial restoration in HFrEF subjects. Despite decades of investigation, many challenges remain unanswered to the widespread clinical application of stem cell therapy for HFrEF. This review will describe the foundational work already accomplished in cardiac stem cell therapy, advantages and limitations of the various candidates for tissue restoration, their presumed mechanisms of action, the role of scaffolding materials as well as the challenges that exist for widespread clinical application.
