Aortic Stenosis: Haemodynamic Benchmark and Metric Reliability Study.

Aortic stenosis is a condition which is fatal if left untreated. Novel quantitative imaging techniques which better characterise transvalvular pressure drops are being developed but require refinement and validation. A customisable and cost-effective workbench valve phantom circuit capable of replicating valve mechanics and pathology was created. The reproducibility and relationship of differing haemodynamic metrics were assessed from ground truth pressure data alongside imaging compatibility. The phantom met the requirements to capture ground truth pressure data alongside ultrasound and magnetic resonance image compatibility. The reproducibility was successfully tested. The robustness of three different pressure drop metrics was assessed: whilst the peak and net pressure drops provide a robust assessment of the stenotic burden in our phantom, the peak-to-peak pressure drop is a metric that is confounded by non-valvular factors such as wave reflection. The peak-to-peak pressure drop is a metric that should be reconsidered in clinical practice. The left panel shows manufacture of low cost, functional valves. The central section demonstrates circuit layout, representative MRI and US images alongside gross valve morphologies. The right panel shows the different pressure drop metrics that were assessed for reproducibility.

Regarding 'Speech-language pathology students' perceptions of simulation-based learning experiences in stuttering'.

As final year medical students, we have had first-hand experience of the significant addition that simulation-based learning can provide for healthcare education. After reading the 2021 paper 'Speech-language pathology students' perceptions of simulation-based learning experiences in stuttering' by Penman et al., we were shown once again the benefits of simulation-based learning. Having said that, we felt there were many crucial aspects omitted in the simulation-based learning program created by Penman et al. for this research article. Therefore, we attempt to highlight these issues with the hope that as students also studying towards a career in healthcare, we can build on the well-developed program created by Penman et al. and make educators aware of the possible areas of improvement in healthcare education.