Solitonic solutions and stability analysis of Benjamin Bona Mahony Burger equation using two versatile techniques.

This study aims to explore the precise resolution of the nonlinear Benjamin Bona Mahony Burgers (BBMB) equation, which finds application in a variety of nonlinear scientific disciplines including fluid dynamics, shock generation, wave transmission, and soliton theory. Within this paper, we employ two versatile methodologies, specifically the extended exp ( - Ψ ( χ ) ) expansion technique and the novel Kudryashov method, to identify the exact soliton solutions of the nonlinear BBMB equation. The solutions we discovered involve trigonometric functions, hyperbolic functions, and rational functions. The uniqueness of this research lies in uncovering the bright soliton, kink wave solution, and periodic wave solution, and conducting stability analysis. Furthermore, the solutions' graphical characteristics were explored through the utilization of the mathematical software Maple 2022 ( https://maplesoft.com/downloads/selectplatform.aspx?hash=61ab59890f2313b2241fde3423fd975e ). The system's physical interpretation is defined through various types of graphs, including contour graphs, 3D-surface graphs, and line graphs, which use appropriate parameter values. These recommended techniques hold significant importance and are applicable in diverse nonlinear evolutionary equations found in the field of nonlinear sciences for illustrating nonlinear physical models.

The significance of chemical reaction, thermal buoyancy, and external heat source to optimization of heat transfer across the dynamics of Maxwell nanofluid via stretched surface.

Energy loss during the transportation of energy is the main concern of researchers and industrialists. The primary cause of heat exchange gadget inefficiency during transportation was applied to traditional fluids with weak heat transfer characteristics. Instead, thermal devices worked much better when the fluids were changed to nanofluids that had good thermal transfer properties. A diverse range of nanoparticles were implemented on account of their elevated thermal conductivity. This research addresses the significance of MHD Maxwell nanofluid for heat transfer flow. The flow model comprised continuity, momentum, energy transport, and concentration equations in the form of PDEs. The developed model was converted into ODEs by using workable similarities. Numerical simulations in the MATLAB environment were employed to find the outcomes of velocity, thermal transportation, and concentration profiles. The effects of many parameters, such as Hartman, Deborah, buoyancy, the intensity of an external heat source, chemical reactions, and many others, were also evaluated. The presence of nanoparticles enhances temperature conduction. Also, the findings are compared with previously published research. In addition, the Nusselt number and skin friction increase as the variables associated with the Hartman number and buoyancy parameter grow. The respective transfer rates of heat are 28.26 % and 38.19 % respectively. As a result, the rate of heat transmission increased by 14.23 % . The velocity profiles enhanced while temperature profiles declined for higher values of the Maxwell fluid parameter. As the external heat source increases, the temperature profile rises. Conversely, buoyancy parameters increase as it descends. This type of problem is applicable in many fields such as heat exchangers, cooling of electronic devices, and automotive cooling systems.

Comparative study of some non-Newtonian nanofluid models across stretching sheet: a case of linear radiation and activation energy effects.

The use of renewable energy sources is leading the charge to solve the world's energy problems, and non-Newtonian nanofluid dynamics play a significant role in applications such as expanding solar sheets, which are examined in this paper, along with the impacts of activation energy and solar radiation. We solve physical flow issues using partial differential equations and models like Casson, Williamson, and Prandtl. To get numerical solutions, we first apply a transformation to make these equations ordinary differential equations, and then we use the MATLAB-integrated bvp4c methodology. Through the examination of dimensionless velocity, concentration, and temperature functions under varied parameters, our work explores the physical properties of nanofluids. In addition to numerical and tabular studies of the skin friction coefficient, Sherwood number, and local Nusselt number, important components of the flow field are graphically shown and analyzed. Consistent with previous research, this work adds important new information to the continuing conversation in this area. Through the examination of dimensionless velocity, concentration, and temperature functions under varied parameters, our work explores the physical properties of nanofluids. Comparing the Casson nanofluid to the Williamson and Prandtl nanofluids, it is found that the former has a lower velocity. Compared to Casson and Williamson nanofluid, Prandtl nanofluid advanced in heat flux more quickly. The transfer of heat rates are 25.87 % , 33.61 % and 40.52 % at R d = 0.5 , R d = 1.0 , and R d = 1.5 , respectively. The heat transfer rate is increased by 6.91 % as the value of Rd rises from 1.0 to 1.5. This study is further strengthened by a comparative analysis with previous research, which is complemented by an extensive table of comparisons for a full evaluation.

Insight into the dynamics of heat and mass transfer in nanofluid flow with linear/nonlinear mixed convection, thermal radiation, and activation energy effects over the rotating disk.

In this paper, we study linear and nonlinear mixed convection, activation energy, and heat radiation effects caused by nanoparticles. This study aims to improve the understanding of how nanofluids behave in the presence of rotating disks and develop more efficient and effective cooling technologies. The flow problem consisted of partial differential equations (PDE). It is challenging to calculate these equations as a result of these nonlinear PDEs. Consequently, we use appropriate similarities to transform them into ordinary differential equations (ODEs). The bvp4c Matlab built-in technique is then used to resolve these ODEs. The velocities, temperature, and concentration outcomes with the various factors are examined graphically. Additionally, tables are employed to analyze the skin friction and Nusselt number values. It is analyzed that increasing the linear and linear mixed convection parameters enhances the velocity profiles of nanofluid. Enhancements in heat are analyzed by increasing nonlinear thermal radiation and enhancement in concentration is examined by increasing activation energy. Furthermore, as the variables for thermophoresis and Brownian motion are increased, the Nusselt number falls. The heat transfer rate is 27.16% for [Formula: see text] and 39.28% for [Formula: see text]. Thus, the heat transfer rate is enhanced 12.12%. This study's practical applications include improving the behavior of fluids and the transfer of heat in rotating frameworks, which may affect energy systems, heat exchangers, and cooling advances in technology.

New insight into the dynamics of non-Newtonian Powell-Eyring fluid conveying tiny particles on Riga plate with suction and injection.

The purpose of the current work is to determine how a magnetic field, nonlinear thermal radiation, a heat source or sink, a Soret, and activation energy affect bio-convective nanofluid flow across a Riga plate in terms of heat transfer qualities. The major goal of this investigation is to enhance the heat transfer rate. The flow problem is demonstrated in the form of a collection of PDEs. Since the generated governing differential equations are nonlinear, we use a suitable similarity transformation to change them from partial to ODEs. The bvp4c package in MATLAB is used to numerically solve the streamlined mathematical framework. The impacts of numerous parameters on temperature, velocity, concentration, and motile microorganisms profiles are examined through graphs. Whereas, skin friction and Nusselt number are illustrated using tables. As the magnetic parameter values are raised, the velocity profile is seen to decrease and the temperature curve exhibits the opposite tendency. Additionally, the heat transfer rate expands as the nonlinear radiation heat factor is enhanced. Moreover, the outcomes in this investigation are more consistent and precise than in earlier ones.

Is there an ideal method of reconstruction for proximal humerus osteosarcoma? A review of different reconstruction techniques.

Osteosarcoma is the commonest primary bone malignancy occurring in patients aged <20, and humerus is the third most common site affected by it. In the past, ablative surgery with poor functional outcomes was the only option, but due to advances in chemotherapy, medical imaging and surgical techniques, patient survivorship and the rate of limb salvage surgery has increased significantly. Over the decades many treatment options have been proposed for the reconstruction of the defect following extirpation of the tumour in the proximal humerus, with every procedure having its merits and demerits. However, there is no agreement on the preferred treatment even in similar age groups, and the best way to reconstruct the proximal humerus remains debatable because the restoration of the function of the shoulder girdle remains primarily dependant on the extent of muscle-loss during tumour resection, available surgical expertise and financial constraints in different health systems. The current narrative review was planned to discuss the various reconstruction techniques with their advantages and disadvantages, and a present general review of the relevant literature.

Bio-Convection Effects on Prandtl Hybrid Nanofluid Flow with Chemical Reaction and Motile Microorganism over a Stretching Sheet.

This study aims to determine the heat transfer properties of a magnetohydrodynamic Prandtl hybrid nanofluid over a stretched surface in the presence of bioconvection and chemical reaction effects. This article investigates the bio-convection, inclined magnetohydrodynamic, thermal linear radiations, and chemical reaction of hybrid nanofluid across stretching sheets. Also, the results are compared with the nanofluid flow. Moreover, the non-Newtonian fluid named Prandtl fluid is considered. Microfluidics, industry, transportation, the military, and medicine are just a few of the real-world applications of hybrid nanofluids. Due to the nonlinear and convoluted nature of the governing equations for the problem, similarity transformations are used to develop a simplified mathematical model with all differential equations being ordinary and asymmetric. The reduced mathematical model is computationally analyzed using the MATLAB software package's boundary value problem solver, Runge-Kutta-fourth-fifth Fehlberg's order method. When compared to previously published studies, it is observed that the acquired results exhibited a high degree of symmetry and accuracy. The velocity profiles of basic nanofluid and hybrid nanofluid are increased by increasing the Prandtl parameters' values, which is consistent with prior observations. Additionally, the concentration and temperature of simple and hybrid nanofluids increase with the magnetic parameter values.

Haematological Parameters And Outcome In Hospitalized Patients With Covid-19: A Developing Country Experience.

BACKGROUND: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a multisystem disorder and haematological abnormalities are frequently documented in affected patients. METHODS: This retrospective study included 549 patients hospitalized with COVID-19 from 1st June to 15th July 2020 at Pak Emirates hospital, Rawalpindi Pakistan. p<0.05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS: Median age was 60 years (range 12-94 years), males 442 (80.5%) and females 107 (19.5%). There was no patient with mild illness, 181 (32.9%) had moderate, 158 (28.7%) severe and 210 (38.2%) patients had critical disease. Patients with severe and critical disease had lower absolute lymphocyte count (ALC) and platelets (p<0.001 for both) while higher white blood cell count (WBC), neutrophil lymphocyte ratio (NLR), C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and lactate dehydrogenase levels (LDH) levels (all p<0.001). Overall survival of study cohort was 83.2% (n=457). Median haemoglobin and platelet count were significantly lower (p<0.001) while WBC, ANC, NLR, prothrombin time (PT), activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), ferritin, IL-6, LDH were significantly higher (p<0.001) for patients who died. On multivariate logistic regression analysis WBC count>10x109/l (odds ratio [OR] 2.19 [95% CI 1.3-4.2] p=0.01), NLR>9 (OR 3.4 [95% CI 0.87-6.8], p<0.001), platelets<150x109/l (OR 3.9 [95% CI 1.4-9.8] p<0.001), CRP >100; (OR 4.1[95% CI 0.78-10.9] p<0.001) and ferritin >1000 (OR 5.3 [95% CI 1.9- 13.5], p<0.001) were associated with increased risk of death in patients with COVID-19. CONCLUSION: Monitoring of haematological, coagulation and inflammatory parameters provide reliable, convenient, rapid and cost-effective method for predicting disease severity, complications and prognosis of COVID-19 patients.

ScienceIoT: Evolution of the Wireless Infrastructure of KREONET.

Here, we introduce the current stage and future directions of the wireless infrastructure of the Korea Research Environment Open NETwork (KREONET), a representative national research and education network in Korea. In 2018, ScienceLoRa, a pioneering wireless network infrastructure for scientific applications based on low-power wide-area network technology, was launched. Existing in-service applications in monitoring regions, research facilities, and universities prove the effectiveness of using wireless infrastructure in scientific areas. Furthermore, to support the more stringent requirements of various scientific scenarios, ScienceLoRa is evolving toward ScienceIoT by employing high-performance wireless technology and distributed computing capability. Specifically, by accommodating a private 5G network and an integrated edge computing platform, ScienceIoT is expected to support cutting-edge scientific applications requiring high-throughput and distributed data processing.

Plastibell Device Circumcision versus Bone Cutter Technique in terms of Operative Outcomes and Parent's Satisfaction.

OBJECTIVE: To compare the rate of complications of Plastibell and bone cutter circumcision technique and recognition of top worries and satisfaction rate in the mind of parents before and after the procedure of Plastibell device (PD) circumcision in infants less than 6 months of age. METHODS: It was a descriptive prospective study conducted at department of surgery Sheikh Zayed Hospital, Rahim Yar Khan. Two hundred parents of infants of less than six months of age were recruited for this study. Infants were divided into two equal groups. Group I included Plastibell circumcision technique and Group II included Bone Cutter Circumcision technique. Data was analyzed using SPSS Version 17. Independent sample t-test and chi-square test was used to compare quantitative and qualitative variables respectively. P-value <0.05 was taken as significant difference. RESULTS: Total number of two hundred infants were included in this study. Most common worries of parents about Plastibell Device circumcision were; fear of fever (42.0%). Fear of pain and bleeding (66.0%). Plastibell Device method was associated with less operation time and bleeding as compared to bone cutter method (P-value <0.0001 and <0.0001 respectively). Incidence of complications other than bleeding and infection was 3.0% in bone cutter method and 1.0% in Plastibell device method. Pain score was significantly less in plastibell device group (p-value <0.0001). Post-operatively, 98% parents showed complete procedural satisfaction in Plastibell group versus 87% parents in bone cutter one month after surgery (P-value 0.003). About 4% parents in bone cutter method group showed cosmetic displeasure versus only 1% parents in plastibell device group. CONCLUSION: The study concluded that Plastibell Device circumcision is a safer technique for circumcision and is associated with highest level of parent's satisfaction.

Concurrence of Torus Palatinus, Torus Mandibularis and Buccal Exostosis.

Torus palatinus (TP), torus mandibularis (TM), and buccal exostosis are localised, benign, osseous projections, occurring in maxilla and mandible. Etiology is multifactorial and not well established. Tori and exostoses have been associated with parafunctional occlusal habits, temporomandibular joint (TMJ) disorders, migraine and consumption of fish. Concurrence of TP, TM, and exostosis in the same individual is very rare. Concurrence of TPand TM has not been reported from Pakistan. We report a case of a 22-year female patient manifesting concurrence of TP, bilateral TM, and maxillary buccal exostoses; with possible association of abnormal occlusal stresses and use of calcium and vitamin D supplements.

Hypospadias repair: a single centre experience.

Objectives. To determine the demographics and analyze the management and factors influencing the postoperative complications of hypospadias repair. Settings. Hayatabad Medical Complex Peshawar, Pakistan, from January 2007 to December 2011. Material and Methods. All male patients presenting with hypospadias irrespective of their ages were included in the study. The data were acquired from the hospital's database and analyzed with Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS). Results. A total of 428 patients with mean age of 8.12 ± 5.04 SD presented for hypospadias repair. Midpenile hypospadias were the most common. Chordee, meatal abnormalities, cryptorchidism, and inguinal hernias were observed in 74.3%, 9.6%, 2.8%, and 2.1% cases, respectively. Two-stage (Bracka) and TIP (tubularized incised urethral plate) repairs were performed in 76.2% and 20.8% of cases, respectively. The most common complications were edema and urethrocutaneous fistula (UCF). The complications were significantly lower in the hands of specialists than residents (P-value = 0.0086). The two-stage hypospadias repair resulted in higher complications frequency than single-stage repair (P value = 0.0001). Conclusion. Hypospadias surgery has a long learning curve because it requires a great deal of temperament, surgical skill and acquaintance with magnifications. Single-stage repair should be encouraged wherever applicable due to its lower postoperative complications.

Functional outcomes of single follicular hair graft technique.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the percentage survival of follicular hair graft technique and the factors influencing it. DESIGN: A non-interventional descriptive study. PLACE AND DURATION OF STUDY: Plastic Surgery Unit, Hayatabad Medical Complex from November 2003 to April 2004. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A total of 30 patients were included in the study with pattern of baldness ranging from type II to type VII. Age ranged from 24 years to 50. Hair bearing skin strips were harvested from occipital area and sliced under magnification into grafts of various sizes. Either punch or slit knife was used for making holes in recipient area and grafting follicles. Patients were followed at 2 weeks, 3 months and 6 months. Graft survival was measured at 6 months postoperative interval. RESULTS: In 7 patients graft survival was above 90%; in 12 patients above 80% but less than 90%; in 7 patients between 70 and 80%; in 2 patients above 60% but less than 70%; in 2 patients less than 20% which was considered as failure. CONCLUSION: Survival was greater with punch method than use of slit knife. Chances of failure increased with the large size session, larger grafts and unknown factors that need further investigations.

An assessment of incomplete facial Basal cell carcinoma excision.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the rate and cause(s) of incomplete excision of basal cell carcinoma, occurring on face. DESIGN: A non-interventional, descriptive study. PLACE AND DURATION OF STUDY: Plastic Surgery Unit, Hayatabad Medical Complex, Peshawar, from January 2002 to March 2004. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Patients with basal cell carcinoma of the face reporting to the OPD were included in the study and were booked for surgery. After excision, all tumors specimens were marked at 12 o'clock and sent to laboratory for histopathology to confirm the diagnosis and to know the completeness/incompleteness of tumor excision. If biopsy reported residual tumor in any of the margins it was noted and projected as percentage for the purpose of our results. RESULTS: Out of 56 patients, 49 (87.5%) had complete excision of tumor. Six (10.7%) had residual tumor while in one (1.7%) patient, biopsy report failed to mention the involvement/clearance of margins. Six patients with residual tumor were given postoperative radiotherapy. All patients were followed for a minimum of 2-1/2 years (critical period for recurrence) with careful watch on those with residual tumor. So far, only 2 of these 6 had recurrence of lesion. Both of them were greater than 2 cm in diameter and were located on medial canthal and nasolabial region. CONCLUSION: Chances of incomplete tumor excision are more on the mid face region. Patients with residual tumor are more prone to recurrence.

Management of postburn digital flexion contractures.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the outcome of plantar/palmer skin graft for the management of postburn digital flexion contracture in terms of functional and cosmetic improvements. DESIGN: Interventional quasi-experimental study. PLACE AND DURATION OF STUDY: Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, PGMI, Hayatabad Medical Complex, Peshawar. The duration of the study was 1-1/2 years (from January 2001 to June 2002). PATIENTS AND METHODS: Fifty patients with postburn digital flexion contracture were recruited in the study. Patients with posttraumatic and postinfective contractures were excluded from the study population. The contracture was released and the deficit produced was replaced by plantar/palmer split skin graft. Active range of motion (ROM) was measured before and after surgery. Postoperative follow-up was done for one year. The outcome measurements were color and texture match of graft with the adjacent palmer skin, sensibility, recurrence rate of contracture and donor site morbidity. The data collected was labeled with the help of statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) and descriptive statistics were calculated accordingly. RESULTS: The graft take was complete (100%) in 48 patients, 50% in one patient (2%) and nil in one (2%) patient. Recurrence of contracture occurred in 5 patients (10%). Pre-operative median active range of motion (ROM) at proximal interphalangeal (PIP) joint was 60 degree to 90 degree (extension/flexion). Postoperatively median active range of motion (ROM) at PIP joint was 0 degree to 90 degree at one year follow-up examination. The healed graft showed good colour and texture match with the surrounding palmer skin. The sensory function return was satisfactory and there was no significant donor site morbidity. CONCLUSION: The excellent colour, texture match and the functional advantages in terms of active range of motion and sensibility offered by the split thickness palmer/plantar skin grafts exceeded the expected outcome of conventional techniques (thigh, groin and buttock skin grafts).