Evaluation of Chemical, Biochemical and Anti-Microbial Effects of Salvadora persica and Moringa oleifera Extract to Produce Organic Disinfectant Products.

Oral hygiene is one of the most influential and important issues in people's health. People have been using herbal components to maintain their oral hygiene for centuries. Oral cancer develops in the oral cavity, and its origin always lies in the growth of malignant epithelial tissue cells. Due to the spread of this cancer in Iran, we intend to measure the antibacterial effects of the combination of Salvadora persica and Moringa oleifera extracts. Cariogenic bacteria are one leading cause of oral cancer. We used this extract in mouthwash, toothpaste, and chewing gum, and we expect that it would reduce cell proliferation and be used in prevention and treatment. The new organic mouthwash, chewing gum, and toothpaste were designed and prepared using M. oleifera oil, S. persica, M. oleifera extract, the powder of S. persica wood, and M. oleifera leaves. With the use of herbal compounds in the preparation of these products, the quantity of essential chemical ingredients in the prepared samples was decreased. We examined the quality and stability of mouthwash, toothpaste, and chewing gum that indicated the standard level of each substance. Furthermore, we evaluated the antibacterial effects of our products, which indicated that our products can significantly reduce the total bacterial count. For the first time, a combination of S. persica and M. oleifera extract replaced chemicals in mouthwash, toothpaste, and chewing gum. Natural herbal ingredients with antimicrobial activity are effective in maintaining low bacterial counts in the mouth, and as a result, improving oral hygiene and health.

Nature inspired poly (dopamine quinone -vanadyl) as new modifier for voltammetric determination of uric acid.

The preparation of a novel polymer (poly(dopamine quinone-vanadyl) (polyDQV)) bearing dopaminequinone and VOIV redox groups is described. PolyDQV was characterized using field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy, x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Fourier transform infra-red (FTIR) spectroscopy, UV-Vis spectroscopy as well as electrochemical methods such as differential pulse voltammetry, cyclic voltammetry, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The electrocatalytic activity of polyDQV was studied toward electrooxidation of uric acid using differential pulse voltammetry as well as cyclic voltammetry. PolyDQV presents interesting electrocatalytic activity toward UA oxidation in phosphate buffer solution (0.1 M, pH 2) to a well-defined oxidation peak at 0.65 V (vs. Ag/AgCl). The polyDQV-modified carbon paste electrode (CPE/polyDQV) presents a precise linear signal-concentration relationship in the ranges of 0.3-5 µM and 5 to 200 µM with a detection limit (S/N = 3) of 0.02 µM. The %RSD values for ten replicate measurements of 0.5 and 50 µM UA were 1.8 and 3%, respectively, indicating good repeatability of analytical signals. Appropriate recovery values (in the range 96 to 103%) and good selectivity for UA over common coexisting species (such as ascorbic acid and dopamine) exhibit that CPE/polyDQV is a promising novel platform for sensing UA in human blood serum and urine samples. Graphical abstract.

Modified glassy carbon electrode with Polydopamine-multiwalled carbon nanotubes for simultaneous electrochemical determination of biocompounds in biological fluids.

In this study, a simple modified glassy carbon electrode with Polydopamine-multiwalled carbon nanotubes (GCE/PDA-MWCNTs) is described for selective and sensitive simultaneous voltammetric determination of dopamine (DA), acetaminophen (AC), and xanthine (XN). A detailed investigation by field emission scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and electrochemistry methods such as cyclic voltammetry (CV), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) and chronoamperometry are performed in order to elucidate the preparation process and properties of the GCE/ PDA-MWCNTs. The proposed modified electrode displays intense and indelible electrooxidation response for simultaneous determination of DA, AC, and XN to three well-separated peaks in the potential range from 0.0 to 0.8 V/Ag/AgCl using CV and DPV methods in phosphate buffer solution with pH 7.0. Under the optimum conditions, detection limits of 20, 30 and 50 nM were obtained for DA, AC and XN, respectively. Moreover, GCE/PDA-MWCNTs was successfully used for simultaneous determination of DA, AC and XN in real samples.

Poly (dopamine quinone-chromium (III) complex) microspheres as new modifier for simultaneous determination of phenolic compounds.

In this study, poly(dopamine-quinone chromium (III))-microspheres (PDQCM) were used for the modification of graphite paste electrode (GPE) for simultaneous voltammetric determination of 4-Amino Phenol (AP), Phenol (Ph) and 4-Nitro Phenol (NP). The PDQCM and the GPE modified with PDQCM were characterized by field emission scanning electron microscopy, Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and electrochemistry methods such as cyclic voltammetry (CV) and differential pulse voltammetry (DPV). The proposed modified electrode exhibits high electrocatalytic activity toward electrooxidation of AP, Ph, and NP to three well-separated peaks in the potential range from 0.2 to 1.3V using CV and DPV methods in phosphate buffer solution with pH 2.0. Under the optimum conditions, detection limits of 0.5, 0.6 and 0.8µM were obtained for AP, Ph, and NP, respectively. Moreover, GPE/PDQCM was successfully used for simultaneous determination of AP, Ph, and NP in tap and river waters.