ABSTRACT
Aggressive treatment of hyper or hypoosmolar conditions can trigger osmotic demyelination syndrome. We describe the case of a 53-year-old male who began using carbamazepine to treat bipolar affective disorder and was later diagnosed with carbamazepine-induced syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion. The patient's mental state gradually improved once the hyponatremia was corrected using 3% normal saline and supportive therapy. The patient presented to the outpatient clinic with confusion and altered sensorium. Brain computed tomography showed diffuse cerebral atrophy and periventricular ischemia demyelination alterations, and magnetic resonance imaging showed an enhanced section in the brainstem that included the pons, suggesting osmotic demyelination alterations. Ventilatory support and supportive therapy were initiated, and hyponatremia was rectified. Although the patient did well with the treatment, his prognosis was still dismal, so he was sent home with instructions to follow up.
ABSTRACT
The second most frequent primary carcinoma of the liver to emerge is intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC), which is thought to be an incurable, rapidly proliferating tumor with a dismal prognosis. ICC is typically found at an advanced stage and is physiologically hostile. Regional lymph nodes and liver metastases are frequent tumor metastatic sites for ICC and serve as indicators of tumor recurrence. ICC metastasizing to the male urogenital tract has only seldom been documented. Typically, lymph vessels serve as the primary pathway for disseminating tumor cells. The high fatality rate associated with ICC and the rapid spread of the disease may be caused by this lymphatic route. The only curative therapeutic approach for treating these tumors is surgical removal. We report a case of prostatic metastasis from ICC.
ABSTRACT
The production of trans-fats and chemical changes during the process of frying are serious public health concerns and must be monitored efficiently. For this purpose, the canola oil was formulated with different ratio of extra virgin olive oil and palm olein using D-optimal mixture design, and the best formulation (67:22:11) based on free fatty acid (FFA) content, peroxide value (PV), and iodine value (IV) as responses was selected for multiple frying process. The data on FFA, PV, and IV along with Fourier transform-infrared (FT-IR) spectra were taken after each frying up to ten frying. The spectral data were preprocessed with standard normal variate followed by principal component analysis which is clearly showing the differentiation for various frying. Similarly, partial least square regression was applied to predict the FFA (0.37%-1.63%), PV (4.47-13.85 meqO2/kg), and IV (111.51-51.39 I2/100 g) which demonstrated high coefficient of determination (R2) 0.84, 0.83, and 0.81, respectively. It can be summarized that FT-IR can be used as a novel tool for fast and noninvasive quality determination of frying oils.
